Uworld more shit

Question 1

beta blockers and diabetes

Answer 1

block the sympathetic response to low blood sugar;

nonselective beta blockers– use with caution (hypoglycemia)

Question 2

equation for sensitivity

Answer 2

number of true positives/ total patients with the disease

Question 3

how huntingtin suppresses other genes

Answer 3

histone de-acetylation

Question 4

CMV shape and susceptibility

Answer 4

enveloped double-stranded DNA

intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions- owl’s eye

esp. in patients with lung transplants

Question 5

what is the significance of HLA-B*57:01 in AIDS patients?

Answer 5

avoid abacavir due to hypersensitivity reaction

Question 6

what happens to RAAS in response to beta blockers

Answer 6

the whole system decreases, as they block the signal to renin

Question 7

paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration

Answer 7

destruction of purkinje fibers that goes with cancers

Question 8

trapezius muscle injury

Answer 8

drooping of shoulder

impaired abduction above horizontal

Question 9

what do high concentrations of fructose 2,6 bisphosphate do?

Answer 9

inhibit gluconeogenesis

–> decreased conversion of alanine and other stuff to glucose

Question 10

umbilical hernia cause

Answer 10

incomplete closure of hte umbilical ring

Question 11

a fistula between the aortic root and the right ventricle will lead to what kind of flow?

Answer 11

from aortic root to right ventricle, continuously

Question 12

how acute pancreatitis causes trouble

Answer 12

premature activation of trypsinogen–> autodigestion

Question 13

hep b mechanism or liver injury

Answer 13

cd8+ T lymphocyte response to viral antigens on the cell surface resulting in hepatocyte damage

Question 14

timing of anti-psychotic side effects

Answer 14

akathisia- restlessness, days to weeks after initiation

dystonia- muscle contraction of mouth, tongue, eye muscles, within days of rx

tardive dyskinesia- involuntary movement disorder years after exposure

Question 15

part of the brain responsible for pupillary reflex

Answer 15

Edinger Westphal nuclei in the midbrain

Question 16

anaphylaxis with blood transfusion of O neg. What’s the likely dx?

Answer 16

selective igA deficiency can cause this.

Question 17

Wolf Parkinson White

Answer 17

short PR interval
widening of QRS interval
delta wave

can be associated with AV reentrant tachycardia and other arrhythmias

Question 18

what extra thing should pts on inhaled glucocorticoids do?

Answer 18

oral rinsing to prevent candidiasis

Question 19

how does alcohol serve as an antiseptic?

Answer 19

disruption of membranes, denaturation of proteins

Question 20

gardnerella microscopy

Answer 20

clue cells: epithelial cells covered with gram-variable rods

Question 21

sydenham chorea with acute rheumatic fever

Answer 21

molecular mimicry–> cross-reactivity

Question 22

B12 deficiency. What test establishes dx?

Answer 22

methylmalonic acid

Question 23

tricyclic antidepressant side effects

Answer 23

tremor, insomnia
hypotension
confusion, constipation, urinary retention
sedation

Question 24

how is HPV involved in carcinogenesis?

Answer 24

inhibition of cell cycle regulatory proteins

Question 25

someone presents with mono but the horse antibody test is negative. What’s likely?

Answer 25

CMV

Question 26

MCD vs PSGN

Answer 26

not usually blood cell casts in MCD

Question 27

symptoms of vitamin E defish

Answer 27

neuromuscular disease

hemolytic anemia

Question 28

MS bladder issue

Answer 28

spastic bladder due to upper motor neuron lesion –> hypertonic bladder

Question 29

rx for wide QRS inerval/ ventricular arrhythmia due to TCA overdose

Answer 29

sodium bicarb

Question 30

main side effect of carbidopa/levodopa combination

Answer 30

anxiety and agitation

Question 31

side effect of dihydropyridine CCBs

Answer 31

peripheral edema

Question 32

opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome in young kids goes with

Answer 32

neuroblastoma

Question 33

pituitary hormones that must be replaced immediately

Answer 33

TSH, cortisol, and ADH