Uworld 3

Question 1

acute MI with COPD rx

Answer 1

metoprolol

avoid beta blockers with B2 blockade in lung trouble

Question 2

lead-time bias

Answer 2

detecting something earlier –> seems like longer survival rate

Question 3

cilostazol

Answer 3

reduces platelet activation AND

is direct arterial vasodilator

Question 4

drug of choice for peripheral artery disease

Answer 4

cilostazol

and graded exercise program

Question 5

giardia looks like… and is combatted with

Answer 5

pear shaped, 2 nuclei

secretory IgA

Question 6

baroreceptors send signals to brain via what nerves?

Answer 6

glossopharyngeal and vagus

Question 7

vasoconstriction of arterioles– receptor types?

Answer 7

epie (alpha 1)- Gq
ang II (AT1)- Gq
ADH/ AP (V1)- Gq

Question 8

alpha 1 prototype agonist

Answer 8

phenylephrine

Question 9

NE releasers

Answer 9

tyramine
amphetamines
ephedrine

Question 10

low dose epi does what?

Answer 10

hits beta 2 preferentially–> vasodilation

Question 11

nonselective alpha blockers

Answer 11

phentolamine

penoxybenzamine

Question 12

alpha 1 blockers

Answer 12

prazosin
terazosin

it’s a sin to block alpha 1 receptors

Question 13

direct acting on NO release

Answer 13

nitroglycerin
hydralazine
nitroprusside

Question 14

K+ channel openers (for vasodilation)

Answer 14

minoxidil (rogaine)

diazoxide

Question 15

trazodone side effect

Answer 15

priapism (erection)

Question 16

pulse pressure goes down, what do we know?

Answer 16

stroke volume went down (acutely)

Question 17

left to right shunts

Answer 17

PDA
aSD
VSD

–> not cyanotic, right ventricularoverload–> hypertrophy, large increase in pulmonary blood flow

Question 18

tet of fallot

Answer 18

VSD
RV outflow obstruction
RV hypertrophy
overriding aorta

is a right-to-left due to RV hypertrophy

–> Cyanosis,
severity related to degree of RV outflow obstruction

Question 19

best assessment of degree of mitral stenosis?

Answer 19

amount of tiem to opening snap from A1. Shorter– worse.

Question 20

S4 means

Answer 20

stiff ventricle

Question 21

what do we hear in aortic stenosis?

Answer 21

crescendo-decrescendo murmur
paradoxical splitting of S2
May hear S4

Question 22

S3 means

Answer 22

dilated heart

Question 23

waterhammer pulse means

Answer 23

aortic inufficiency

Question 24

opening snap means… vs click

Answer 24

stenosis vs prolapse

Question 25

holosystolic murmur means

Answer 25

mitral insufficiency (regurge) atrial pressure increases during systole (severe when papillary muscle ruptures)

Question 26

clinical marker for contractility

Answer 26

ejection fraction

Question 27

pure motor hemiparesis means

Answer 27

internal capsule or basal pons

Question 28

motor hemiparesis and a small cavitary lesion in the internal capsule eans

Answer 28

likely a lacunar infarct

Question 29

alkaptonuria- what pathway is disrupted?

Answer 29

tyrosine to fumarate | homogentisate--> maleylacetoacetate by homogentisic acid

Question 30

why does mitochondrial inheritance show different disease levels?

Answer 30

heteroplasmy-- different mitochondrial genomes within a single cell