Uworld and kaplan phys

Question 1

most characteristic physiological signs of marijuana use

Answer 1

conjunctival injection
tahcycardia
increased appetite
dry mouth

Question 2

Myasthenia gravis- what changes in the post-synaptic muscle cell

Answer 2

reduced moter end-plate potential (due to antibodies against nACH receptors)

Question 3

hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction

Answer 3

CCK

Question 4

ring-enhancing lesion on brain MRI

Answer 4

likely abscess

could be nocardia

Question 5

dengue fever

Answer 5

aedes aegypti mosquito
headache, retro-orbital pain, joint and muscle pain
hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and hemoconcentration

Question 6

PEEP

Answer 6

positive end-expiratory pressure

use it for IRD, ARDS, pneumothorax, etc.

Question 7

why are the first and second bronchi the most resistant?

Answer 7

turbulent flow

Question 8

poisonous mushrooms

Answer 8

amatoxins
bind to NA-dependent RNA polyerase type II in liver and halt mRNA synthesis –> apoptosis

toher organ systems with rapid cellular turnover also affected (GI, prox conv renal tubules)

Question 9

Big 3 obstructive diseases

Answer 9

asthma
chronic bronchitis
emphysema

Question 10

treatment for asthma

Answer 10

beta2 agonists: aluterol, terbutaline

anti-cholinergics: ipratropium

Question 11

chronic bronchitis rx

Answer 11

long ating beta2 agonists: salmetrol, formoterol

PDE inhiitors: Theophylline

Question 12

emphysema Rx

Answer 12

Mast cells: cromolyn sodium,

Question 13

2,3 BPG is stimulatd by

Answer 13

hypoxia

Question 14

adverse effects of tamoxifen

Answer 14

hot flashes
venous thrombus
endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma

(selective estrogen receptor modulator)- adjuvant for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

Question 15

propofol wears off fast. why?

Answer 15

preferentially distributed to organs receiving high blood flow (brain) and then redistributed out to fat, muscles, etc.

Question 16

treat respiratory alkalosis with

Answer 16

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (tell kidneys to dump bicarb)

Question 17

caisson disease

Answer 17

nitrogen coming out of solution when you come up too fast
bends

air emboli

Question 18

leukocyte adhesion deficiency- characterized by

Answer 18

absence of CD18 antigens

lack of purulence due to absence of leukocytes in peripheral tissues

Question 19

with cardiac arrest, most likely location of ischemia in the brain?

Answer 19

hippocampus

first area damaged during global cerebral ischemia

Question 20

what cells are responsible for the inflammatory reaction seen in gout?

Answer 20

neutrophils

Question 21

hypercalcemia of malignancy is caused by what?

Answer 21

PTH-related protein

Question 22

most common cause of coronary sinus dilation

Answer 22

elevated right-sided heart pressure secondary to pulmonary HTN

Question 23

med that causes increased insulin

Answer 23

sulfonylurea

Question 24

gastric biopsy shows pH increase. What does this mean?

Answer 24

H pylori infection- rapid urease tests