Kaplan deck 1

Question 1

Aschoff bodies seen in

Answer 1

acute rheumati myocarditis

they are the granulomatous appearance and transformed macrophages

Question 2

calcifications within a lymph node seen with

Answer 2

silicosis or tuberculosis

Question 3

caseous necrosis seen in

Answer 3

active tuberculosis.

Question 4

appropriate vitamin therapy with jaundice treatment?

Answer 4

riboflavin (B2)- absorbs light, degrades with phototherapy.

Question 5

some X-linked recessive diseases

Answer 5

G6PD
Lesch-Nyhan
hemophilia A
Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 6

some autosomal dominant diseases

Answer 6

Neurofibromatosis
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
huntington disease
osteogenesis imperfecta

You would see both male and female and in every generation affected

Question 7

autosomal recessive diseases

Answer 7

sickle cell
Tay Sachs

both alleles, both male and female kids affected

consanguinity commonly seen

Question 8

things that activate TH1 cells

Answer 8

IFN-gamma and IL-12

Question 9

cytokine for acute phase reaction

Answer 9

IL-1

Question 10

cytokine released by helper T cells that increases proliferation, survival and differentiation of T cells

Answer 10

IL-2

Question 11

cytokine that is a hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor

Answer 11

IL-3

Question 12

cytokine that causes isotype switching to IgA

Answer 12

IL-5 (product of TH2 lymphocytes)

Question 13

cytokine for acute phase reaction and stimulating B cells

Answer 13

IL-6

Question 14

strep pneumo probably gains penicillin resistance how?

Answer 14

transformation

Question 15

genes encoded on plasmids are transferred how?

Answer 15

F+ to F- conjugation

Question 16

tansfer of drug-resistance genes as an accident of the life cycle of a lytic phage happens how?

Answer 16

generalized transduction

Question 17

chromosomal genes can be transferred from one bacterium to another how?

Answer 17

Hfr to F- conjugation

Question 18

transfer of drug-resistance genes as an accident of the life cycle of a temperate phage happens how?

Answer 18

specialized transduction

Question 19

what drug receptors increase calcium in cells?

Answer 19

Gq: alpha 1, M1, M3, H1, V1, AT1

Gq –> DAG –> calcium

Question 20

decreased alpha-fetoprotein goes with?

Answer 20

amniotic fluid marker for Down Syndrome

Question 21

cysteinuria causes

Answer 21

staghorn caliculi

positive nitroprusside cyanide test on urine confirms the diagnosis (purple color)

Question 22

test used to identify HLA class I molecules

Answer 22

microcytotoxicity test

Question 23

goodpasture’s. What type of antibody is present?

Answer 23

anti type IV collagen.

lung and kidney basement membranes

Question 24

glucagon excess

Answer 24

usually due to carcenoma or adenoma of alpha cells of islets of Langerhans

similar to diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia

migratory skin rashes, alopecia, hyperpigmentation of the skin, glossitis

Question 25

reiter syndrome mnemonic

Answer 25

can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree = reactive arthritis starts with urogenital infections HLA-B27 associated aspirated joint fluid resembles that of rheumatoid arthritis

Question 26

immunosuppressed patients with fungal meningitis. Agent?

Answer 26

cryptococcus neoformans budding encapsulated yeast from pigeon droppings urease positive india ink or latex particle agglutination of the CSF to dx

Question 27

adults with arthritis and exposure to school-age children:

Answer 27

parvo B19 single-stranded DNA, naked, icosahedral associated with HLA B-19

Question 28

subendocardial infarction

Answer 28

state of hypotension can lead to it (subendocardial tissue esp. vulnerable during low-perfusion states elevation of CK-MB or troponin confirms infarction ECG may show ST segment depression or flattening on various leads

Question 29

ataxia telangiectasia

Answer 29

autosomal recessive disease of the ATM gene --> progressive cerebellar degeneration, multiple telangiectasias in the skin and conjunctivae, and compromised immune system death by 20 ionizing radiation to be avoided (ATM is critical to repair double-stranded breaks in DNA)

Question 30

maintenance dose equation

Answer 30

MD = Clearance x Plasma conc at steady state / F (bioavailability)

Question 31

patients with leukemia are prone to develop

Answer 31

hyperuricemia, uric acid kidney stones due to increased uric acid production tumor lysis syndrome may also develop as a complication of chemo (increased purine breakdown, esp due to chemo treatment) give xanthine oxidase inhibitor such as allopurinol or febuxostat