Uworld Exam 13

Question 1

Anterior mediastinal mass and eyes get tired easily?

Answer 1

MG

Question 2

Post Prandial Pain that does not respond to antacids?

Answer 2

Intestinal angina

Question 3

What does positive predictive value mean?

Answer 3

Given that a test is positive, what is the likelihood that he actually has the disease?

Question 4

Does PPV and NPV depend on prevalnce?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Explain the Blotting Techniques

Answer 5

North

Question 6

Explain the cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 6

Begins as a skin infection

Rhabditiform larvae in the stool

Question 7

Parasite Eggs in Stool? What Bug?

Answer 7

Schistosoma

Question 8

Worms coming out of butt?

Answer 8

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 9

Proglottids in stool?

Answer 9

Taenia solium

Question 10

Trophozoites and cysts in stool?

Answer 10

Giardia or Entamoeba

Question 11

What makes Red Neurons?

Answer 11

Eosinophilic cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, loss of nissel substance

Question 12

Explain 1 day 1 week 1 month in CNS

Answer 12

1 Day=>Red Neurons
1 Day to 1 week=> Neutrophils and Macrophages
1 week to 1 month=>reactive gliosis; liquifactive necrosis
>1 month=>Glial Scar

Question 13

Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax is thought to be b/c of? Where does the trachea move?

Answer 13

Apical Subpleural Bleb

Towards

Question 14

Loss of muscle tone due to laughter? In what disease do you find this? How to dx the disease?

Answer 14

Cataplexy
Narcolepsy
Low Hypocretin-1

Question 15

Where are the 3 places that you find Tender loving care for nancy?

Answer 15

Alpha ketogluterate
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Branched chain ketoacid

Question 16

Orotic aciduria, What enzyme is missing in what pathway?

Answer 16

phosphoribosyl transferase in pyrimidine synthesis

Question 17

B-blockers decrease aqueous humor production by targeting?

Answer 17

ciliary epithelium

Question 18

What causes Hyperkalemia?

Answer 18

DO LAβS
Digitalis (blocks Na+/K+ ATPase)
HyperOsmolarity
Lysis of cells (e.g., crush injury, rhabdomyolysis, cancer)
Acidosis
β-blocker
High Blood Sugar (No insulin)

Question 19

What causes Hypokalemia?

Answer 19

Hypo-osmolarity
Alkalosis
β-adrenergic agonist (Na+/K+ ATPase)
Insulin (Na+/K+ ATPase)-Insulin shifts it into cells

Question 20

Multiple Fractures with Blue sclerae and hearing loss. What disease? Pathogenesis of this disease?

Answer 20

Osteogenesis Imperfecta
MC AD disease
POG: Problems forming triple helix=>Defective Type 1 collagen=>Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 21

Hyperextensable skin, tendency to bleed, hypermobile joints? MC type? Pathogenesis of this disease?

Answer 21

Ehlers-Danlos
MC Type: Hypermobility
Classical=>Type 5
Vascular=>Type 3
POG: Problems with cross-linking (via lysyl oxidase)

Question 22

Brittle, Kinky hair, growth retardation and hypotonia? What disease? Genetics? Pathogenesis of this disease?

Answer 22

Menkes Disease
X-Linked recessive
POG: Defective ATP7A (menkes protein)=>Problems with cross-linking (decreased lysyl oxidase enzyme activity)

Question 23

Is Red Neuron Reversible or Irreversible?

Answer 23

Irreversible

Question 24

Whenever some gene are linked what should you think of?

Answer 24

Linkage Equilibrium

Question 25

MHC Class I presents endogenously or exogenously? To Whom?

Answer 25

Endogenously synthesized antigens (e.g., viral or cytosolic proteins) to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells

Question 26

Irreversible Changes?

Answer 26

Lysosomal rupture Mitochondrial permeability/vacuolization and amorphous densities Nuclear pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis Plasma membrane damage Irreversible is LMNOP

Question 27

MHC Class II presents endogenously or exogenously? To Whom?

Answer 27

Present exogenously synthesized antigens (e.g., bacterial proteins) to CD4+ helper T cells

Question 28

What protein is associated with MHC Class I?

Answer 28

β2-microglobulin

Question 29

What protein is associated with MHC Class II?

Answer 29

Invariant chain

Question 30

Reversible Changes?

Answer 30

``` ATP depletion Blebbing Cellular/mitochondrial swelling Chromatin clumping Decreased glycogen Detachment of Ribosome Fatty change ABCDEF Reversible ```

Question 31

Bupropion MOA? Use? AE?

Answer 31

MOA: Acts on NE transmission Use: nictonine dependence AE: agitation, insomnia, and seizures

Question 32

Pneumonia, Diarrhea, hyponatremia?

Answer 32

Legionella | Legions are PHalaxneD soldiers

Question 33

Free Fatty acids and Triglycerides increase resistance for?

Answer 33

Insulin

Question 34

Increased Mast Cells leads to?

Answer 34

Increased Histamine=>increased gastrin production

Question 35

when does the vitelline duct obliterate?

Answer 35

week 7

Question 36

Cyst is connected by a fibrous band to the ileum and the umbilicus. Dx?

Answer 36

Vitelline Duct Cyst

Question 37

Stool discharge from the umbilicus is due to?

Answer 37

persistent vitelline duct

Question 38

Partial Closure of the vitelline duct?

Answer 38

Meckel's diverticulum

Question 39

What kind of bacteria can survive boiling?

Answer 39

Spore Forming Bacteria

Question 40

PAS+ stain targets?

Answer 40

Glycoprotein

Question 41

Best way to reduce lithium levels?

Answer 41

Hemodialysis

Question 42

Caspofungin Class? MOA? Most effective against?

Answer 42

Class: Echinocandins MOA: inhibit cell wall synthesis (glucan synthesis) Use: Candida and Aspergillus

Question 43

HTN, Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and depressed renin?

Answer 43

Hyperaldosteroism

Question 44

Palmitate acid?

Answer 44

What?

Question 45

Caucasian new born with meconium ileus?

Answer 45

CF

Question 46

Cause of death in CF newborns?

Answer 46

Pneumonia

Question 47

Most common risk of aspirin?

Answer 47

Increased gastrointestinal blood loss

Question 48

Patient with Hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia, steatorrhea, gallbladder stones?

Answer 48

Somatostatinoma

Question 49

Painless Hematuria in a patient 50 and up is?

Answer 49

Urothelial/Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Question 50

Most common type of transitional cell carcinoma? Bx?

Answer 50

Clear Cell Type | Bx: glycogen and lipid accumulation

Question 51

HbS is worse than HbC because?

Answer 51

HbS has valine inplace of glutamic acid in the amino acid 6th position=>hydrophobic interactions and polymerization

Question 52

Selegiline MOA?

Answer 52

MOA: MAO-B enzyme inhibitor

Question 53

Entacopone MOA?

Answer 53

MOA: COMT blocker=>increases dopamine quantity