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ZZ - step 3 - uworld > Uworld Exam 12 > Flashcards

Uworld Exam 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Ubiquitin do? What is the result of a mutation in ubiquitin?

A

Ubiquitin=labels proteins for degradation by proteasomes

Mutation=>misfolded proteins accumulating

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2
Q

opioid withdrawal, what are its symptoms?

A

pupillary dilatation, rhinorrhea, sneeziing, nasal stuffiness, diarrhea

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3
Q

Tx of opioid withdrawal?

A

Give some opioids

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4
Q

COX-1 helps maintain what?

A

gastric mucosa by mucous

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5
Q

Main Reason to use a COX-2 Inhibitor (celecoxib)?

A

Prevent gastric ulcerations and reduced risk of bleeding

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6
Q

kinesin and dyenin are associated with what functional unit?

A

Microtubules

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7
Q

Topoisomerase I and II do what?

A

relieve unwinding tension

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8
Q

RNA primase does what? What is its purpose?

A

provides a primer to free up a free 3’OH group

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9
Q

What does DNA polymerase I do?

A

removes RNA primer and exonuclease

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10
Q

What does DNA polymerase III do?

A

Causes elongation

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11
Q

Transformation is?

A

Taking up of naked DNA by cell

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12
Q

Reassortment is?

A

Sudden Change in antigen by mixing two normal viruses

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13
Q

Recombination is?

A

Defective viruses mixing and becoming virulent

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14
Q

Linear Mucosal Tear in alcoholics with hematemesis?

A

Mallory Weiss Tear

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15
Q

Transmural Mucosal Tear with esophageal air/fluid leakage NOT blood?

A

Boerhaave Syndrome

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16
Q

Mallory Weiss Tear leads to what Acid Base disturbance?

A

metabolic alkalosis

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17
Q

Phase 4 consists of spontaneous depolarizations that are due to what three things?

A
  1. K+ channel closure
  2. Na+ funny channel opening
  3. L-type Ca2+ channels opening
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18
Q

Horseshoe kidney trapped by?

A

IMA

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19
Q

What traps SMA?

A

Transverse duodenum

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20
Q

In Patients with myasthenia gravis, what other extramuscular abnormality exists?

A

abnormalities of the thymus (thymoma, thymic hyperplasia)

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21
Q

Patient who complains of weakness and heaviness in her eyelids at the end of the day or an activity?

A

MG

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22
Q

What muscles are most susceptible in a patient with MG?

A

Extraocular muscles

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23
Q

Where does Thymus originate from? What other organ is with it in this pouch?

A

3rd pouch,

Inferior parathyroid glands

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24
Q

Spherules containing endospores?

A

Coccidioides

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25
Q

Who kills cells that don;t have MHC class I?

A

NK Cells

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26
Q

How do NK cells kill?

A

With Perforin and Granzymes to induce apoptosis

27
Q

NK cells exhibit what CD?

A

CD 16 and 56

28
Q

Are NK cells present in Athymic patients? Do they have memory?

A

Yes

No

29
Q

NK cells are activated by what two cytokines?

A

IL-12 IFN-gamma

30
Q

What ions regulate electrical potential?

A

Na, K and Cl

31
Q

In resting membrane, where are the main ions located in a cell? Extracellular or Intracellular?

A

Na-Extracellular
K-Intracellular
Cl-Extracellular

32
Q

Gram negative cocci in pairs suggests what organism?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

33
Q

Best drug for prophylaxis of neisseria?

A

Rifampin

34
Q

Rifampin MOA?

A

RNA

35
Q

Coagulopathies like increased PTT or PT are from what kind of bleeding?

A

deep tissue bleeding-joints, muscles

36
Q

Platelet defects shows as what kind of bleeding?

A

mucocutaneous bleeding (epistaxis, petechiae)

37
Q

Prolonged PT? what pathway is wrong?

A

EX

38
Q

Prolonged PTT? what pathway is wrong?

A

INT

39
Q

Absolute Risk Reduction formula?

A

Event rate in Control-Event Rate in treatment

40
Q

ALA synthase requires what cofactor?

A

B6

41
Q

Passive Extension of the arm, there is initial resistance followed by a sudden release of tension as extension continued. What is this phenomenon called? Where do you see this symptom?

A

Clasp-knife spasticity

UMN Lesions

42
Q

Internal capsule stroke will lead to what kind of symptoms?

A

Pure Motor: Contralateral arm, leg and lower face weakness

43
Q

Lesion in caudate nucleus will lead to?

A

EPS symptoms like chorea and athetosis

44
Q

QRS prolongation is due to what class of antiarrythmic drug?

A

Class 1

45
Q

With a stable set of incidence, how do you increase prevalence?

A

Increased quality of care

46
Q

Tet Spells help increase? To improve what?

A

systemic vascular resistance, oxygenation

47
Q

With all urea cycle disorders, what do you food do you need to restrict?

A

Protein

48
Q

Muscle weakness and fatigue with a particular ion?

A

K+

49
Q

What 3 cytokines mediate inflammation?

A

IL-1, IL-6, and TNF alpha

50
Q

LTB4, C5a, IL-8, 5-HETE are what kind of agents? These mediate the accumulation of?

A

chemotactic

Pus

51
Q

anticoagulated RBCs fall at a rate of 35 mm per hour?

A

ESR

52
Q

Sulfonyureas MOA?

A

MOA: bind to ATP dependent K+channels

53
Q

Somatostatin is produced by?

A

D cells

54
Q

Exogenous Insulin vs insulinoma?

A

Serum Insulin both elevated
C-peptide decreased in Exogenous insulin
BUT NOT in Insulinoma

55
Q

Holoproscencephaly is due to?

A

Malformation

56
Q

In chronic diabetics DM2 what do you see in their islet cells?

A

Amylin (amyloid)

57
Q

DM is related to what HLA?

A

DR3, DR4

58
Q

Neurological deficit, marked pallor (anemia)?

A

B12 def=>megaloblastic anemia

59
Q

CN 7 has what symptoms?

A
  1. Facial Motor Output symptoms
  2. Parasymp. innervation to lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual
  3. 2/3 of taste of tongue
  4. external auditory canal
60
Q

Live Attenuated Virus?

A

Live! One night only! See small yellow
rotating chickens get vaccinated with Sabin
and MMR! It’s incredible
Smallpox, yellow fever, rotavirus, chickenpox (VZV), Sabin polio virus, MMR, Influenza (intranasal)

61
Q

ABC Enzymes?

A

Pyruvate Carboxylase
Propionyl Co-A Carboxylase
Acetyl Co-A Carboxylase

62
Q

Halothane AE?

A

Fulminant Hepatitis

63
Q

T. Cruzi can cause?

A

Achalasia

ZZ - step 3 - uworld (27 decks)

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