Uworld Exam 10 Flashcards
What Hepatitis should you think in a pregnant patient?
Hep E
What kind of virus is Hep E? What is its risk in pregos?
Unenveloped, ssRNA virus spread through fecal oral route; can lead to pregnant patient death
What is the main purpose of a double blind experiment
stop observer’s bias
Difference between Minute volume and alveolar volume?
Alveolar volume subtracts dead space
What translocation is associated with t15;17?
AML M3
What is the molecular MOA of t15;17?
Translocation of retinoic acid recetor from chr. 17 to 15 leads to PML/RAR alpha=>inhibits differentiation of myeloblasts
NF type 1 is what kind disorder? What chromosome is it on?
single gene AD on Chr. 17
Most common symptoms of NF1
Cafe-au-lait spots, Neurofibromas, Lisch Nodules (harmatomas of the eye)
Description for Type 1 HSR?
Cell surface-bound IgE Bridging by an antigen
What is superior mesenteric syndrome?
Transverse portion of the duodenum is entrapped between SMA and the aorta=>decreases angle of between SMA and aorta
Polyhydramnios is associated with what kind of diseases?
GI obstructions and aneuncephaly
Infant whose epidermis easily peels off?
Scalded Skin Syndrome
What causes Scaled skin syndrome? What is the specific agent in the bug that causes this?
Staph; +nikolskys sign, exfoliatin exotoxin
How does Exfoliatin exotoxin work?
uses proteases to cleave desmoglein from desmosomes
What is genetic defect in CML?
Fusion of 9 and 22=>BCR-ABL gene
BCR-ABL gene encodes for what kind of receptor?
Tyrosine Kinase receptor
Nitrates MOA? AE?
MOA: Dilates veins
AE=Dilating veins and arteries too much=>headache, flushing
What reflects osteoblastic activity?
Increased ALP
What structure goes through the pterion? What is this structure a branch of?
Middle Meningeal Arteries=>from maxillary arteries
Coronary Plaques more than what cause symptoms?
75%
Which nerve travels with the inferior thyroid artery?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
What vitamin is effective in treating measles?
Vit. A
Aldolase B is used for converting what sugar?
Fructose
Sucrose? Maltose? Lactose? break up into?
Sucrose=Fructose+glucose
Maltose=Glucose+glucose
Lactose=glucose+galactose
CPS 1 is an enzyme for which cycle? What is its obligate co-factor
Urea Cycle; N-acetylglutamate
Young Caucasian woman with increased coagulability, and resistant to activated protein C in plasma?
Factor Leiden V
Integral Membrane proteins have alpha helices of hydrophobic amino acid residues such as
valine, alanine and isoleucine
Triad of symptoms in pericardial tamponade
Muffled heart sounds, elevated JVP and profound hypotension
Explain 1 day 1 week 1 month
1st day=>coagulative necrosis
1st week=>Neutrophil=>Macrophage (inflammation_
1 month=>Granulation Tissue
After that=>Scar Tissue
With DM neuropathy, what would you see bladder wise?
Increased postresidual volume
Which drug has been shown to decrease mortality in all patients with any CHF?
B-Blocker
DOC for DVT in Pregos?
Heparin
DOC for DVT in Regular patients?
Warfarin
Patient’s blood rapidly coagulates with cold and uncoagulates with warmth, most likely bug?
mycoplasma pneumoniae
Patients over the age 65 are most prone to secondary?
pneumonia
What are the bugs that cause secondary pneumonia, in order?
strep pneumoniae, staph aureus, H. influ
Subdural hematoma+bilateral retinal damages?
Shaken Baby Syndrome
AE of HIV-1 protease inhibitors?
Redistribution of fat from extremities to abdomen
Cladribine MOA? Use? metabolism?
MOA: purine analog=>DNA strand breaks
Use: Hairy Cell Leukemia
Metabolism=resistant to adenosine deaminase
Two formulas for RBF?
FF=GFR/RBF; RBF=PAH clearance/(1-hematocrit)
MC movement disorder?
Essential Tremor
Symptoms of essential tremor?
symmetrical tremor that affects upper extremities
DOC for essential tremor?
Propanolol
MC shigellosis in US?
Shigella Sonni
Shigella invades what cells?
M cells in Peyer’s Patches in ileum
Capcitiation
Money is by each enrollee not fee
Overuse of alpha adenergic agonistic decongestants cause?
Tachyphylaxis=>decreased production of endogenous NE; the drug is not effective anymore=>so stop it
A neonate with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and edema with extramedullary hematopoesis?
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis)
MCC of Hemolytic Disease of the new born?
Rh incompatibility
Hemidesimosome Ab?
bullous pemphigoid
46 XY with Small Phallus and hypospadias but becomes better in puberty
5 alpha reductase def.
Sickle Cell Trait person is what percentage HbS?
40%
Sickle Cell Homozygous person has what percentage of Hbs?
80%
In both homozygous and heterozygous do the cells sickle when sodium metabisulfate is added?
Yes
Sickle cell trait patient has relative protection from?
P. Falciparum (malaria)
Which markers reflect osteoclastic activity?
Tartarate-resistant acid phsophatase, urinary hydroxyproline and urinary deoxypyridinoline (Most Reliable)
Inulin Filtered vs Excreted ratio?
The same
How much of urea is reabsorbed?
50%
How much of sodium is reabsorbed?
99%
PAH Filtered vs excreted?
Excreted would be higher because it is almost all secreted
