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Drugs > UW GI > Flashcards

UW GI Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibit the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis (HMG-CoS reductase)

A

Statins

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2
Q

SE statins

A

Hepatotoxicity, muscle toxicity

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3
Q

Increase lipoprotein lipase activity,
decrease hepatic VLDL secretion,
increase HDL synthesis

A

Fibrates (Gemfibrozil, fenofibrate)

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4
Q

SE fibrates

A

muscle toxicity, esp when combined with statins; gallstones

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5
Q

Bind bile acids in the intestine; decrease reabsorption and increase de novo synthesis form cholesterol

A

Bile acid sequestrants (cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam)

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6
Q

Bile acid sequestrants SE

A

nausea, bloating, cramping; decreased absorption of digoxin, warfarin, and fat-soluble vitamins

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7
Q

Decreased lipolysis in adipose tissue causing decreased VLDL synthesis, increased HDL by reducing clearance

A

Niacin

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8
Q

Niacin SE

A

flushing, warmth, pruritius, hepatotoxicity

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9
Q

Decreased cholesterol absorption at the brush border of the intestine

A

Ezetimibe

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10
Q

Ezetimibe SE

A

Increased hepatotoxicity when coadministered with statins

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11
Q

Decreased synthesis of mycolic acid. Bacterial catalase-peroxidase (encoded by KatG) needed to convert this drug to its active metabolite.

A

Isoniazid (INH)

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12
Q

INH side effects

A

Neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, Pyroxidine (B6) can prevent neurotoxicity, lupus.

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13
Q

The biologically active form of pantothenic acid is

A

coenzyme A

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14
Q

Coenzyme A binds with oxaloacetate in the first step of the Krebs cycle to form

A

citrate and then succinyl-CoA

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15
Q

Artery behind lesser curvature of stomach

A

L. gastric

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16
Q

Third part of duodenum is in close association with

A

uncinate process of pancreas, SMA, + SMV

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17
Q

Pts receiving TPN are at risk for biliary stones d/t

A

decreased CCK release due to the lack of enteral stimulation

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18
Q

mutations associated with colitis-associated carcinoma are

A

early p53 and late APC (opposite)

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19
Q

Association with gallstone ileus

A

pneumobilia (air in the biliary tract)

20
Q

Acute hepatitis on histology

A

hepatocyte ballooning degeneration and apoptosis

21
Q

C diff toxin A attracts PMNs causing

A

mucosal inflammation, loss of water into the gut lumen and diarrhea, as well as mucosal death.

22
Q

C diff toxin B causes

A

actin depolymerization, loss of cellular cytoskeleton integrity, cell death, and mucosal necrosis

23
Q

lecithinase

A

C perfringens exotoxin

24
Q

CEA

A

colon cancer

25
Q

CA-125

A

ovarian cancer (and many others)

26
Q

PSA

A

prostate cancer

27
Q

hCG

A

gestational trophoblastic dz

28
Q

AFP

A

HCC

29
Q

Dilation of sinusoids and perivenular hemorrhage

A

acute venous outflow obstruction within the liver

30
Q

substance accumulation within hepatocytes

A

Dubin-Johnson

31
Q

Intrahepatic hyadatid cysts with surrounding fibrous reaction

A

Echinococcus

32
Q

Granulomatous destruction of bile ducts

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

33
Q

Diffuse hepatic fibrosis and nodular parenchymal regeneration

A

Cirrhosis

34
Q

Pats with Crohns are prone to the development of gallstones d/t

A

increased biliary acid wasting

35
Q

This parasite can destroy the myenteric plexi in the esophagus, intestines, and ureters, causing secondary achlasia, megacolon, and megaureter, respectively

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

36
Q

The most common outcome in HBV-infected adults (>95%) is

A

complete resolution

37
Q

Lipids are predominantly absorbed in the

A

jejunum

38
Q

Histology of GERD

A

Basal zone hyperplasia, elongation of lamina propria papillae, and inflammatory cells (eos, neutrophils, and lymphocytes)

39
Q

hemochromatosis gene (HLA-H) is on the short arm of what chromosome?

A

6

40
Q

elevated ferritin

A

hemochromatosis

41
Q

histology of primary biliary cirrhosis

A

destruction of interlobular bile ducts by granulomatous inflammation (“florid duct lesion”) and a heavy portal tract infiltrate of inflammatory cells

42
Q

middle-aged caucasian female with a long history of pruuritis and fatigue who develops pale stool and xanthelasma (cholestasis)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

43
Q

middle-aged obese female with fever and prolonged episode of RU abdominal pain after fatty meal ingestion

A

acute cholecystitis

44
Q

Male with a long history of UC presenting with fatigue and high alk phos

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

45
Q

older female with weight loss, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, and epigastric mass

A

pancreatic cancer

46
Q

homeless male with fever, abdominal pain, jaundice

A

acute cholangitis

Drugs (21 decks)

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