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Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Bind PBPs to inhibit cross-linking of PG. Used for some gram +, N meningitis, T pallidum. Beta-lactamase sensitive

A

Penicillin G, V

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2
Q

PCN SE

A

HSR, hemolytic anemia

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3
Q

PCN MOR

A

Beta lactamase

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4
Q

Bind PBPs to inhibit cross-linking of PG. Used for H flu, E coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, enterococci (HELPSS kille enterococci). Beta lactamase sensitive.

A

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin (better oral availability)

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5
Q

Ampicillin SE

A

HSR, rash, pseudomembraous colitis

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6
Q

Ampicillin MOR

A

Beta lactamase

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7
Q

Bind PBPs to inhibit cross-linking of PG. Resistant to beta-lactamase due to bulky R group

A

oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin

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8
Q

Oxacillin CU

A

MSSA (MRSA has an altered PBP target site)

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9
Q

Oxacillin SE

A

HSR, interstitial nephritis

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10
Q

Antipseudomonals

A

Ticarcillin, piperacillin

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11
Q

Piperacillin CU

A

Pseudomonas and gram negative rods, with beta-lactamase inhibitors

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12
Q

Beta lactamase inhibitors

A

Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, taxobactam

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13
Q

Pipercillin SE

A

HSR

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14
Q

Cefazolin, Cephalein

A

1G - Gram + and Proteus, E coli, Klebsiella (PEcK)

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15
Q

Cefoxitin, Cefaclor, Cefuroxime

A

2G - H flu, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Proteus, E coli, Klebsiella, Serratia (HEN PEcKS)

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16
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3G - Serious gram negative infections, esp meningitis and gonorrhea

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17
Q

Ceftazidime

A

3G - Serious gram negative infections, esp Pseudomonas

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18
Q

Cefepime

A

4G - increased activity against Pseudomonas and gram +

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19
Q

Ceftaroline

A

5G - MRSA (broad gram + and - coverage, but not pseudomonas)

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20
Q

Cephalosporin SE

A

HSR, vitamin K deficiency, increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

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21
Q

Monobactam that binds PBP3 to inhibit cross-linking of PG. Beta-lactmase resistant. Synergistic with aminoglycosides

A

Aztreonam

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22
Q

Aztreonam CU

A

Gram neg rods only!

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23
Q

Carbapenem must be administered with this inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase I to decrease inactivation of drug in renal tubuels

A

cilastin

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24
Q

Carbapenem SE

A

CNS toxicity (seizures) at high plasma levels.

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25
Binds D-Ala-D-Ala to prevent PG synthesis
Vanco
26
Vanco CU
GRAM POS ONLY - MRSA - Enterococci - C diff
27
Vanco SE
Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis, Red man syndrome (prevent with anti-histamine pretreatment)
28
Van MOR
D-ala-D-ala to D-ala-D-lac
29
30S inhibitors
Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines
30
50S inhibitors
Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Macrolides, Linezolid
31
Aminoglycosides (Mean GNATS cannot kill anaerobes)
Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin
32
Prevent formation of inhibition complex --> misreading of mRNA, block translation
Aminoglycosides
33
Aminoglycoside CU
Severe gram neg rod infxns. Ineffective against anaerobes
34
Aminoglycoside SE
Nephrotoxicity, NMB, Ototoxicity, Teratogen
35
Aminoglycoside MOR
Bacterial transferase enzymes inactivate the drug by acetylation, phosphorylation, or adenylation
36
Binds 30s and prevents attachment of aa-tRNA
Tetracycline
37
tetracycline CU
Borrelia, M pneumo, Rickettsia, Chlamydia (concentrates intracellularly)
38
tetracycline SE
Discoloration of teeth and inhibition of bone growth in kids and fetuses, GI distress, photosensitivity
39
tetracycline MOR
decreased uptake or increased efflux out of bacterial cells by plasmid-encoded transport pumps
40
Macrolides
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin
41
Bind 50S. Inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation
Macrolides (macroslides)
42
Macrolide CU
Atypical pneumonias (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella), STDs (Chlamydia), gram positive cocci (strep infection in pats allergic to PCN)
43
Macrolide SE
``` MACRO Motility Arrhythmia (prolonged QT) Cholestatic hepatitis Rash eOsinophilia P450 inhibitor ```
44
Macrolide MOR
Methylation of 23S binding site prevents bidng of drug
45
Blocks peptidyltransferase at 50s (blocks peptide bond formation)
Chloramphenicol
46
Chloramphenicol CU
Meningitis (H. flu, Neisseria, Strep pneumo) and Rickettsia rickettsii
47
Chloramphenicol SE
Anemia, aplastic anemia, gray baby (baby lacks liver UDP -glucuronyl transferase)
48
Chloramphenicol MOR
Plasmid encoded acetyltransferase inactivates the drug
49
Blocks peptide transfer (translocation) at 50S.
Clindamycin
50
Clindamycin CU
Anaerobes above the diaphragm (i.e. lung abscess, vs metronidazole for anaerobes below the diaphragm). Also invasive group A strep infection?
51
Clindamycin SE
Pseudomembranous colitis (C. diff),
52
Inhibit folate synthesis. PABA antimetabolites inhibits dihydropteroate synthase.
sulfonamides
53
Sulfonamide SE
HSR, hemolysis if G6PD deficient, nephrotoxicity, kernicterus in infants, photosensitivity, displace other drugs from albumin (warfarin) p450 inhibitor
54
Sulfonamide MOR
Altered bacterial dihydropteroate synthase, decreased uptake, or increased PABA synthesis.
55
Inhibits bacterial DHFR
trimethoprim
56
TMP-SMX CU
UTIs, shigella, salmonella, PCP tx and prophylaxis, toxo prophylaxis
57
Trimethoprim SE
Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia (may alleviate with supplemental folinic acid)
58
Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II) and topo IV.
Fluoroquinolone
59
Fluoroquinolone CU
Gram neg robs of Urinary and GI tracts (incl Pseudomonas), Neisseria, some gram pos
60
Fluoroquinolone SE
tendon rupture, prolonged QT, teratogen | Cipro inhibits P450
61
Fluoroquinolone MOR
Chromosome encoded mutation in DNA gyrase, plasmid-mediated resistance, efflux pumps
62
Forms free radical toxic metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA
Metronidazole
63
Metronidazole CU
GET GEP on the metro! Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella, Anaerobes, Pylori
64
Metronidazole SE
Disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, tachycardia, hypotension) with alcohol, headache, metallic tast
65
Decreased synthesis of mycolic acids. Bacterial catalase peroxidase (encoded by KatG) needed to convert this drug to active metabolite.
Isoniazid
66
INH SE
Neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, vitamin B6 deficiency, drug-induced lupus. Pyridoxine can prevent neurotoxicity, lupus
67
Inhibits DNA-dependent RNAP
Rifampin, rifabutin
68
Rifampin SE
P450 inducer; orange body fluids; rifabutin favored in HIV+ pts due to less p450 stimulation.
69
Mechanism uncertain. Though to acidify intracellular environment via conversion to pyrazinoic acid. Effective in acidic pH of phagolysosomes where TB engulfed by macrophages is found
Pyrazinamide
70
Pyrazinamide SE
Hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity
71
Decreased carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking arabinosyltransferase
Ethambutol
72
Ethambutol SE
Optic neuropathy (red-green color blindness)
73
Prophylaxis against endocarditis with surgical or dental procedures
PCN
74
Prophylaxis against gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
75
Prophylaxis against recurrent UTIs
TMP-SMX
76
Prophylaxis against meningococcal infxn
Cipro (DOC, adults); Rifampin (kids)
77
Prophylaxis against maternal-fetal transmission of group B strep
Ampicillin
78
Prophylaxis against gonococcal or chlamydial conjunctivitis in newborn
erythromycin eye drops
79
Prophylaxis against post surgical Staph aureus inxn
Cefazolin
80
Prophylaxis against strep pharyngitis in child with prior rheumatic fever
PCN
81
Prophylaxis against syphilus
Benzathine PCN G
82
Prophylaxis against PCP + Toxo in HIV+ pt
TMP-SMX
83
Prophylaxis against MAC
Azithromycin
84
MRSA tx
vanco, (daptomycin, linezolid (can cause serotonin syndrome), tigecyline, ceftaroline
85
VRE tx
linezolid, streptogramins (quinupriston/dalfopriston)
86
Daptomycin MOA
depolarizes cell membrane
87
Daptomycin SE
myopathy, inc CPK, inactivated by pulmonary surfactant
88
Linezolid MOA
inhibits protein systhesi sby bindg to 50 S
89
Linezolid SE
Thrombocytopenia, neuritis, serotonin syndrome
90
Ceftazidime
3G, serious gram negs, esp Pseudomonas

Drugs (21 decks)

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