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Drugs > FA HemeOnc Pharm > Flashcards

FA HemeOnc Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Cofactor for the activation of antithrombin, dec thrombin and dec factor Xa; short half-life

A

Heparin

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2
Q

Derivatives of hirudin, the anticoagulant used by leeches; inhibits thrombin directly. Used instead of heparin for anti coagulating patients with HIT.

A

Argatroban, bivalirudin

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3
Q

Interferes with normal synthesis and gamma-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 2, 7, 9, and 10.

A

Warfarin

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4
Q

Bind and directly inhibit Factor Xa

A

Direct factor Xa inhibitors

Apixaban, rivaroxaban

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5
Q

Directly or indirectly aid conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which cleaves thrombin and fibrin clots.

A

Thrombolytics

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6
Q

Irreversible inhibits COX by covalent acetylation

A

ASA

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7
Q

Inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors. Inhibit fibrinogen binding by preventing GP IIb/IIIa from binding to fibrinogen.

A

ADP receptor blockers (clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel, ticagrelor)

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8
Q

Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor; increase cAMP in platelets, thus inhibit platelet aggregation; vasodilators

A

Cilostazole, dipyridamole

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9
Q

Bind to GP IIb/IIIa receptor on activated platelets, preventing aggregation.

A

GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors (abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban)

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10
Q

Folic acid analog that inhibits DHF –. dec dTMP –> dec DNA and protein synthesis

A

Methotrexate

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11
Q

Pyrimidine analog bioactivated to 5F-dUMP, which covalently complexes folic acid; complex inhids thymidylate synthase –> dec dTMP –> dec DNA and protein synthesis

A

5-FU

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12
Q

Pyrimadine analog –> inhibition of DNA polymerase

A

Cytarabine

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13
Q

Purine (thiol analogs) –> decreased de novo purine synthesis, activated by HGPRT

A

Azathioprine, 6-MP, 6-TG

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14
Q

Antitumor antibiotic that intercalates in DNA

A

Dactinomycin

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15
Q

Antitumor antibiotic that generates free radicals; intercalate in DNA –> DNA breaks –> decreased replication

A

Doxorubicin, daunorubicin

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16
Q

Antitumor antibiotic that induces free radical formation, which causes breaks in DNA strands

A

Bleomycin

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17
Q

Alkylating agent that cross-links DNA (used for CML)

A

Busulfan

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18
Q

Alkylating agent that covalently cross-links (interstrand) DNA at guanine N-7; requires bioactivation by liver

A

Cyclophophamide, ifosfaminde

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19
Q

Alkylating agent that cross-links DNA; requires biactivation; crosses BBB to CNS (so used for brain tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme)

A

Nitrosoureas (carmustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin)

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20
Q

Microtubule inhibitor
Vinca alkaloids that bind beta-tubulin, inhibit its polymerization into mircotubules, thereby preventing mitotic spindle formation (M-phase arrest)

A

Vincristine, vinblastine

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21
Q

Microtubule inhibitor

Hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules in M phase so that mitotic spindle cannot break down (anaphase cannot occur).

A

Paclitaxel, other taxols (it is taxing to stay polymerized!)

22
Q

Platinum-containing chemotherapy drugs that cross-link DNA; SEs include acoustic nerve damage and nephrotoxicity (prevent w/ amigostine (free radical scavenger) and chloride diuresis)

A

Cisplatin, carboplatin

23
Q

Inhibit topoisomerase II –> DNA degradation

A

Etoposide, teniposide

24
Q

Inhibit topoisomerase I and prevent DNA unwinding and replication

A

Irinotecan, topotecan

25
Q

Inhibits ribonuclease reductase –> decreased DNA synthesis (s-phase specific); also increases HbF

A

Hydroxyurea

26
Q

Glucocorticoids used in cancer chemotherapy; may trigger apoptosis

A

Prednisone, prednisolone

27
Q

SERMs - receptor antagonists in breast and agonists in bone. Block the binding of estrogen to ER+ cells

A

Tamoxifen (partial endometrial agonist)

raloxifene (endometrial antagonist)

28
Q

Monoclonal antibody against HER-2 (c-erbB2), a tyrosine kinase receptor. Helps kill breast cancer cells that over express HER-2 through inhibition of HER2-initiated cellular signaling and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity

A

Trastuzumab

29
Q

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of bcr-abl (Ph chromosome fusion gene in CML) and c-Kit (common in GI stromal tumors)

A

Gleevac

30
Q

Monoclonal antibody against CD20, which is found on most B-cell neoplasms

A

Rituximab

31
Q

Small molecule inhibitor of forms of the B-raf kinase with the V600E mutation

A

Vemurafenib

32
Q

Monoclonal antibody against VEGF. Inhibits angiogensis

A

Bevacizumab

33
Q

SERM - antagonist in breast, agonist in bone and partial agonist in endometrium (used for ER+ breast cancer)

A

Tamoxifen

34
Q

SERM - antagonist in breast and endometrium, agonist in bone (used for osteoporosis)

A

Raloxifene

35
Q

Ex: abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban

A

GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors

36
Q

Ex: clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel, ticagrelor

A

ADP receptor blockers

37
Q

Ex: Apixaban, rivaroxaban

A

Direct factor Xa inhibitors

38
Q

Reverse MTX myelosuppression with

A

leukovorin

39
Q

Treat 5FU overdose with

A

uridine

40
Q

Two drugs that are metabolized by xanthine oxidase and thus have increased toxicity with allopurinol

A

Azathioprine, 6-MP

41
Q

Prevent doxorubicin/daunorubicin cardiotoxicity with

A

dexrazoxane

42
Q

Prevent cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide hemorrhagic cystitis with

A

mesna (thiol group of mesa binds toxic metabolites)

43
Q

Prevent cisplatin/carboplatin nephrotoxicity with

A

amifostine (free radical scavenger) and chloride diuresis

44
Q

SE cisplatin/carboplatin

A

acoustic nerve damage and nephrotoxicity

45
Q

SE vincristine

A

peripheral neuropathy

46
Q

SE bleomycin and busulfan

A

pulmonary fibrosis

47
Q

SE doxorubicin

A

cardiotoxicity

48
Q

SE trastuzumab

A

cardiotoxicity

49
Q

SE cyclophophamide

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis

50
Q

SE: 5FU, 6MP, MTX

A

myelosuppression

51
Q

Ex: enoxaparin, dalteparin

A

LMWH

Drugs (21 decks)

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