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REPRO II Exam 1 > Uterine Pathology I > Flashcards

Uterine Pathology I Flashcards

1
Q

internal and external os

A

opening of cervix

  • to uterus- internal
  • to vagina - external
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2
Q

layers of uterus

A

myometrium
basalis
functionalis - this shed at menses

has glands and stroma - make up mucosa layer

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3
Q

day 1 of menstrual cycle

A

1st day of menses

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4
Q

phases of menstrual cycle

A

follicular - day 1 to day before LH surge

luteal - day of LH surge to onset of menses

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5
Q

length of menstrual cycle

A

14-21 days in follicular
14 days luteal

little variability age 20-40
significant variability first 5-7 years and last 10 years of menstruation

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6
Q

proliferative phase

A

estrogen

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7
Q

secretory phase

A

progesterone

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8
Q

POD2-3

A

ovulation

-subnuclear vacuoles

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9
Q

POD9

A

mid-secretory phase

-periarteriolar decidual change

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10
Q

POD12

A

late-secretory phase

-predecidua, inflammatory cells

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11
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

irregular menses

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12
Q

metrorrhagia

A

excessive flow and duration at irregular intervals

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13
Q

menorrhagia

A

excessive bleeding - normal intervals

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14
Q

withdrawal bleeding

A

bleeding follows withdrawal of hormones

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15
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

intervals greater than 35 days

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16
Q

polymenorrhea

A

intervals less than 24 days

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17
Q

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

A

dx of exclusion

-unschedule bleeding, presumed to be consequence of hormonal/functional abnormality

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18
Q

subnuclea vacuolizations

A

early secretory phase

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19
Q

abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopause and menopause women

A

if have lesion - need biopsy

-carcinoma, hyperplasia, polyps

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20
Q

most common cause of anovulatory cycle in repro age

A

unopposed estrogen

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21
Q

anovulatory cycle

A

prolonged and unopposed estrogen stimulation

endometrium unstable with breakdown

22
Q

inadequate luteal phase

A

abnormal corpus luteum
-low progesterone

infertility

bx - histo date is >2 days behind clinical date of menstrual cycle**

23
Q

bx - histo date is >2 days behind clinical date of menstrual cycle**

A

inadequate luteal phase

24
Q

neutrophils in endometrium

A

acute endometritis

infections that areise after delivery or miscarriage

vaginal bacteria

strep group A and staph - polymicro

tx - broad spectrum antibiotics

25
Q

plasma cells in endometrium

A

chronic endometritis

26
Q

chronic endometritis

A

chronic PID
retained products of conception
IUD
TB

27
Q

presence of endometrium tissue outside endometrium

A

endometriosis

28
Q

presences of endometrium tissue inside myometrium

A

adenomyosis

forms discrete mass - adenomyoma

29
Q

locations of endometriosis

A 
ovary
uterine ligament
rectovaginal septum
cul de sac
pelvic peritoneum
bowel
genitalia
bladder mucosa
30
Q

cyclic pelvic pain

A

endometriosis

31
Q

infertility

A

40% of endometriosis

fallopian tubes or ovary

32
Q

metastatic theory

A

endometriosis from implantation of menstrual tissue

33
Q

metaplastic theory

A

endometriosis arises from mesothelium - bc mullerian origin

34
Q

extrauterine stem cell theory

A

endometriosis from bone marrow cells that differentiate to endometrial tissue

35
Q

endometriosis

A

see glands and stroma**

cyclic pain pattern

COX-2 inhibitors - control inflammation

36
Q

endometriosis tissue

A

cycles with menstrual cycle - including bleeding

37
Q

risks with endometriosis

A

2x increase in ovarian cancer of endometroid and clear cell types

38
Q

PTEN and ARID1A mutations

A

endometroid and clear cell ovarian cancer

39
Q

chocolate cyst

A

endometrioma

endometriosis tissue in ovary - fills with lbood

40
Q

powder burn

A

endometriosis of cervix

41
Q

endometrial polyps

A

benign - but may contain neoplastic foci

tx - surgery

present with bleeding

42
Q

increased gland to stroma ratio

A

endometrial hyperplasia

proliferation of endometrial glands relative to stroma

43
Q

endometrial hyperplasia

A

obesity, menopause, PCOS (stein leventhal syndrome), granulosa cell tumor of ovary, prolonged estrogen therapy

relationship to endometrial carcinoma

44
Q

obese women

A

prolonged estrogen stimulation

-endometrial hyperplasia

45
Q

stein-leventhal syndrome

A

PCOS

46
Q

EIN

A

endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia - atypia

tx - hysterectomy

increased estrogen**

47
Q

PTEN

A

inactivation of this tumor suppressor gene
-endometrial hyperplasia

chromosome 10q23.3

48
Q

cowden syndrome

A

mutation of PTEN

-high incidence of endometrial cancer

49
Q

warburg effect

A

increased glucose uptake by tumor cells

50
Q

loss of PTEN

A

activation of PI3K-AKT

-promoting cell growth

51
Q

atypia

A

EIN

REPRO II Exam 1 (14 decks)

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