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REPRO II Exam 1 > Ovarian Pathology I > Flashcards

Ovarian Pathology I Flashcards

1
Q

follicular cyst

A

common - up to 5cm in size
no LH surge and cyst doesn’t rupture

often resorb after 2-3 menstrual cycle
smooth walled unicameral cyst

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2
Q

corpus luteum cyst

A

opening from released egg seals off - CL to cyst

may resolve

may hemorrhage - or undergo torsion

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3
Q

chocolate cyst

A

endometriosis in ovary

glands and strom present

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4
Q

benign ovarian cysts

A

follicular and corpus luteum

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5
Q

sudden unilateral pain

A

ovarian torsion

-blood supply compromised

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6
Q

tx of torsion

A

unwind vessel or remove ovary

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7
Q

ovarian torsion diagnosis

A

rule out ectopic pregnancy

ultrasound

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8
Q

poycystic ovary disease

A

most common endo problem in women of reproductive age

stein-leventhal syndrome

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9
Q

oligomenorrhea, hyperandrogen, hirsutism, balding, obesity, acanthosis nigricans, diabetes

A

PCOD

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10
Q

to visualize ovaries

A

ultrasound

to see PCOD

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11
Q

hypercholesterol, anovulation, MMR, amenorrhea, infertility, acne, insulin resistance, obesity

A

PCOD

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12
Q

leathery plaque like lesion

A

acanthosis nigricans

-with PCOD

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13
Q

failure to conceive after 1 year of sex

A

infertility

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14
Q

likelihood of pregnancy over time

A

fecindidity

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15
Q

over 35 yo with increased day 3 FSH

A

menopause
-ovarian failure

waited too long to get pregnant

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16
Q

less than 35yo with progesterone >3

A

recent ovulation

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17
Q

anovulatory infertility

A

PCOS - high androgen

endocrinopathy - prolactin, TSH, FSH

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18
Q

ovulatory infertility

A

if have high progesterone

hysterosalpingogram - to examine tubes

  • blocked - PID or mechanical
  • patent - endometriosis, adhesions, uterine mass, anoaly
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19
Q

majority of ovarian tumors

A

borderline serous tumors 47%

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20
Q

ovarian cancer

A

late at presentation

older women - increased if 1st degree relative has it

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21
Q

genetics of ovarian cancer

A

BRCA 1 and 2

lynch II syndrome

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22
Q

prognosis of ovarian cancer

A

depends more on stage

overal 50% 5 year mortality

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23
Q

often bilateral

A

ovarian cancer

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24
Q

screening ovarian cancer

A

no effective way

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25
Q

CA125

A

for following prognosis of ovarian cancer

NOT for diagnosis**

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26
Q

majority of ovarian cancer

A

serosal epithelium

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27
Q

layers of follicle in ovary

A

theca interna
granulosa
theca externa

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28
Q

granulosa cell tumor

A

malignant

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29
Q

sertoli-leydig cell tumor

A

malignant

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30
Q

dermoid cyst

A

teratoma

-benign

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31
Q

ovary serosa

A

invaginates into coelomic cavity - covered by serosal membrane during embryogenesis

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32
Q

serous cystadenoma of ovary

A

benign

-lined by single layer of epithelium

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33
Q

serous borderline carcinoma of ovary

A

atypia - but no invasion

34
Q

serous adenocarcinoma of ovary

A

type 1 - low grade - slow progression

type 2 - aggressive - high grade - present late
-worse prognosis if peritoneum spread and mets

35
Q

ciliated cells

A

benign serous cystadenoma of ovary

36
Q

ascites

A

with serosal seeding of ovarian tumor

37
Q

tx of borderline carcinoma of ovary

A

remove

prognosis excellent usually

38
Q

surface of ovary covered by neoplasm

A

exophytic papillary serous carcinoma

protrudes to outside of ovary

39
Q

surface of ovary smooth

A

cystic papillary serous carcinoma

40
Q

psammoma body

A

pathogmonic of serous tumor of ovary

also seen in thyroid and kidney neoplasms

41
Q

bilateral mucinous cancer of ovary

A

rule out mets

least likely to be B/L**

42
Q

pseudomyxoma peritonei

A

mucinous ascites

if mucinous tumor breaks

43
Q

endometroid tumors of ovary

A

type 1 - PTEN and KRAS
type 2 - p53, CDH1, and MI

same pathogenesis as uterus

44
Q

goal of surgery for mucinous cystadenoma

A

avoid rupture - b/c seeding can occur

45
Q

endometroid carcinoma of ovary

A

indistinguishable from endometroid adenocarcinoma of endometrium

15-20% coexist

associated with PTEN, KRAS, and beta-catenin mutations

46
Q

KRAS and BRAF mutations

A

low grade serous carcinoma

47
Q

p53, BRCA1 mutation

A

high grade serous carcinoma

48
Q

p53 positive
BRCA1 positive
high Ki67**
WT1 positive

A

high grade serous carcinoma

Ki67 - proliferative
WT1 - serous

49
Q

estrogen receptor

A

expressed 2/3 cases of high grade serous carcinoma

50
Q

lower abdominal pain, GI complaints, ascites, pelvic pressure

A

symptoms for surface epithelial tumors of ovary

51
Q

cytology of ascites

A

common means of establishing tissue diagnosis

52
Q

surgery for surface epithelial tumors of ovary

A

main stay of treatment

all visible tumor removed
-followed by chemo

BRCA - BCP and salpingo-oophorectomy

53
Q

malignant ascites

A

with ovarian serous carcinoma

54
Q

mets of ovarian ca

A

liver, lung, bone, brain

55
Q

peritoneal carcinomatosis

A

can be seen on CT

omental caking**

56
Q

low albumin gradient

A

peritoneal carcinomatosis - seeding of tumor

57
Q

high albumin gradient ascites

A

cirrhosis

heart failure

58
Q

inhibin

A

biomarker for granulosa - theca cell tumor**

granulosa cells

59
Q

call-exner bodies

A

granulosa thecal cell tumor

60
Q

granulosa theca cell tumor

A

hormone active - 75% produce estrogen

yellow cut surface

all ages

intermediate malignancy

61
Q

ascites, pleural effusion, ovarian fibroma

-resolves with resection

A

meig syndrome

62
Q

fibroma

A

common and B9

solid white hard fibrous tumor

thecoma - with lipid droplets

fibrothecomas

63
Q

sertoli-leydig cell tumor

A

rare

50% produce androgens
-causing virilization

64
Q

teratoma in children

A

malignant

65
Q

teratoma in adult

A

benign

66
Q

dermoid cyst

A

benign cystic teratoma

contain 2 or 3 germ lines

hair and keratin - teeth**

67
Q

teeth on X-ray

A

diagnostic for teratoma

68
Q

rokitanski nodule

A

in dermoid cysts - teratomas

69
Q

immature teratoma

A

malignant

70
Q

mature teratoma

A

benign

71
Q

monodermal teratoma

A

single tissue teratoma

carcinoids
struma ovarii - thyroid

functional - hyperthyroid and carcinomd syndrome

72
Q

flushing

A

carcinoid

73
Q

dysgerminoma

A

all malignant

sensitive to radiotherapy

1/3 aggressive

U/L confined to ovary - can be treated with salpingo-oophorectomy

74
Q

endodermal sinus tumor

A

yolk sac

alpha-fetoprotein
allpha-1 antitrypsin

very aggressive - need chemo

in children and young adults

75
Q

schiller duval bodies

A

endodermal sinus tumor

76
Q

AFP and a-1 antitrypsin

A

endodermal sinus tumor

77
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

within part of another germ cell tumor

aggressive

produce beta-hCG

78
Q

beta hCG

A

choriocarcinoma

for diagnosis

79
Q

krukenberg tumor

A

B/L mets of mucin producing signet ring cancer cells

gastric origin

80
Q

signet ring

A

krukenberg tumor

REPRO II Exam 1 (14 decks)

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