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REPRO II Exam 1 > Ovarian Pathology I > Flashcards

Ovarian Pathology I Flashcards

1
Q

follicular cyst

A

common - up to 5cm in size
no LH surge and cyst doesn’t rupture

often resorb after 2-3 menstrual cycle
smooth walled unicameral cyst

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2
Q

corpus luteum cyst

A

opening from released egg seals off - CL to cyst

may resolve

may hemorrhage - or undergo torsion

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3
Q

chocolate cyst

A

endometriosis in ovary

glands and strom present

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4
Q

benign ovarian cysts

A

follicular and corpus luteum

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5
Q

sudden unilateral pain

A

ovarian torsion

-blood supply compromised

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6
Q

tx of torsion

A

unwind vessel or remove ovary

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7
Q

ovarian torsion diagnosis

A

rule out ectopic pregnancy

ultrasound

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8
Q

poycystic ovary disease

A

most common endo problem in women of reproductive age

stein-leventhal syndrome

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9
Q

oligomenorrhea, hyperandrogen, hirsutism, balding, obesity, acanthosis nigricans, diabetes

A

PCOD

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10
Q

to visualize ovaries

A

ultrasound

to see PCOD

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11
Q

hypercholesterol, anovulation, MMR, amenorrhea, infertility, acne, insulin resistance, obesity

A

PCOD

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12
Q

leathery plaque like lesion

A

acanthosis nigricans

-with PCOD

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13
Q

failure to conceive after 1 year of sex

A

infertility

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14
Q

likelihood of pregnancy over time

A

fecindidity

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15
Q

over 35 yo with increased day 3 FSH

A

menopause
-ovarian failure

waited too long to get pregnant

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16
Q

less than 35yo with progesterone >3

A

recent ovulation

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17
Q

anovulatory infertility

A

PCOS - high androgen

endocrinopathy - prolactin, TSH, FSH

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18
Q

ovulatory infertility

A

if have high progesterone

hysterosalpingogram - to examine tubes

  • blocked - PID or mechanical
  • patent - endometriosis, adhesions, uterine mass, anoaly
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19
Q

majority of ovarian tumors

A

borderline serous tumors 47%

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20
Q

ovarian cancer

A

late at presentation

older women - increased if 1st degree relative has it

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21
Q

genetics of ovarian cancer

A

BRCA 1 and 2

lynch II syndrome

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22
Q

prognosis of ovarian cancer

A

depends more on stage

overal 50% 5 year mortality

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23
Q

often bilateral

A

ovarian cancer

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24
Q

screening ovarian cancer

A

no effective way

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25
CA125
for following prognosis of ovarian cancer NOT for diagnosis**
26
majority of ovarian cancer
serosal epithelium
27
layers of follicle in ovary
theca interna granulosa theca externa
28
granulosa cell tumor
malignant
29
sertoli-leydig cell tumor
malignant
30
dermoid cyst
teratoma | -benign
31
ovary serosa
invaginates into coelomic cavity - covered by serosal membrane during embryogenesis
32
serous cystadenoma of ovary
benign | -lined by single layer of epithelium
33
serous borderline carcinoma of ovary
atypia - but no invasion
34
serous adenocarcinoma of ovary
type 1 - low grade - slow progression type 2 - aggressive - high grade - present late -worse prognosis if peritoneum spread and mets
35
ciliated cells
benign serous cystadenoma of ovary
36
ascites
with serosal seeding of ovarian tumor
37
tx of borderline carcinoma of ovary
remove prognosis excellent usually
38
surface of ovary covered by neoplasm
exophytic papillary serous carcinoma protrudes to outside of ovary
39
surface of ovary smooth
cystic papillary serous carcinoma
40
psammoma body
pathogmonic of serous tumor of ovary also seen in thyroid and kidney neoplasms
41
bilateral mucinous cancer of ovary
rule out mets least likely to be B/L**
42
pseudomyxoma peritonei
mucinous ascites if mucinous tumor breaks
43
endometroid tumors of ovary
type 1 - PTEN and KRAS type 2 - p53, CDH1, and MI same pathogenesis as uterus
44
goal of surgery for mucinous cystadenoma
avoid rupture - b/c seeding can occur
45
endometroid carcinoma of ovary
indistinguishable from endometroid adenocarcinoma of endometrium 15-20% coexist associated with PTEN, KRAS, and beta-catenin mutations
46
KRAS and BRAF mutations
low grade serous carcinoma
47
p53, BRCA1 mutation
high grade serous carcinoma
48
p53 positive BRCA1 positive high Ki67** WT1 positive
high grade serous carcinoma Ki67 - proliferative WT1 - serous
49
estrogen receptor
expressed 2/3 cases of high grade serous carcinoma
50
lower abdominal pain, GI complaints, ascites, pelvic pressure
symptoms for surface epithelial tumors of ovary
51
cytology of ascites
common means of establishing tissue diagnosis
52
surgery for surface epithelial tumors of ovary
main stay of treatment all visible tumor removed -followed by chemo BRCA - BCP and salpingo-oophorectomy
53
malignant ascites
with ovarian serous carcinoma
54
mets of ovarian ca
liver, lung, bone, brain
55
peritoneal carcinomatosis
can be seen on CT omental caking**
56
low albumin gradient
peritoneal carcinomatosis - seeding of tumor
57
high albumin gradient ascites
cirrhosis | heart failure
58
inhibin
biomarker for granulosa - theca cell tumor** granulosa cells
59
call-exner bodies
granulosa thecal cell tumor
60
granulosa theca cell tumor
hormone active - 75% produce estrogen yellow cut surface all ages intermediate malignancy
61
ascites, pleural effusion, ovarian fibroma | -resolves with resection
meig syndrome
62
fibroma
common and B9 solid white hard fibrous tumor thecoma - with lipid droplets fibrothecomas
63
sertoli-leydig cell tumor
rare 50% produce androgens -causing virilization
64
teratoma in children
malignant
65
teratoma in adult
benign
66
dermoid cyst
benign cystic teratoma contain 2 or 3 germ lines hair and keratin - teeth**
67
teeth on X-ray
diagnostic for teratoma
68
rokitanski nodule
in dermoid cysts - teratomas
69
immature teratoma
malignant
70
mature teratoma
benign
71
monodermal teratoma
single tissue teratoma carcinoids struma ovarii - thyroid functional - hyperthyroid and carcinomd syndrome
72
flushing
carcinoid
73
dysgerminoma
all malignant sensitive to radiotherapy 1/3 aggressive U/L confined to ovary - can be treated with salpingo-oophorectomy
74
endodermal sinus tumor
yolk sac alpha-fetoprotein allpha-1 antitrypsin very aggressive - need chemo in children and young adults
75
schiller duval bodies
endodermal sinus tumor
76
AFP and a-1 antitrypsin
endodermal sinus tumor
77
choriocarcinoma
within part of another germ cell tumor aggressive produce beta-hCG
78
beta hCG
choriocarcinoma for diagnosis
79
krukenberg tumor
B/L mets of mucin producing signet ring cancer cells gastric origin
80
signet ring
krukenberg tumor

REPRO II Exam 1 (14 decks)

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