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OBGYN > Uterine Pathology > Flashcards

Uterine Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Typically, adenomyosis is more extensive in the _____________ of the uterus.

No answer text provided.
anterior wall
fundus
posterior wall
cervical os

A

posterior wall

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2
Q

When the endometrium extends into the myometrium it is termed:

Leiomyosarcoma
Diffuse fibroids
Adenomyosis
AV malformation

A

Adenomyosis

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sonographic appearance of adenomyosis?

UT enlargement
Myometrial Cysts
Venetian Blind Shadowing
Anechoic areas with mosaic color flow

A

Anechoic areas with mosaic color flow

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4
Q

A 36 year old female has come to the imaging department for a pelvic ultrasound. She presents with a history of pelvic pain, very heavy menstrual bleeding, and dysmenorrhea. Her physical exam in the physician’s office revealed an enlarged uterus. Upon sonographic examination, you verify that the uterus is enlarged, but maintains a normal contour. The patient’s myometrium demonstrates the characteristics shown in the image below. What pathology is most likely present?
leiomyoma
leiomyosarcoma
endometrial polyps
adenomyosis
endometrial hyperplasia

A

adenomyosis

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5
Q

What is the modality used that to confirm diagnosis of an AV malformation?

Ultrasound
MRI
Cat Scan
Angiography

A

Angiography

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6
Q

When the fundus of the uterus is mildly indented because of the median septum (endometrium) it is termed:

septate
arcuate
partial septate
unicornuate

A

arcuate

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7
Q

Which MDA demonstrates the almost complete reabsorption of median septum with only mild indentation of endo at fundus?

arcuate
didelphic
partial septate

A

arcuate

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8
Q

A patient that has an AV malformation will be treated most likely with which of the following procedures?

No answer text provided.
uterine embolization
D & C procedure
hysterectomy
blood transfusion

A

uterine embolization

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9
Q

A young woman comes into the ER with severe vaginal bleeding. She suffered pelvic trauma a few days ago as a result of automobile accident. Her blood lab values show decreased hemoglobin. While you are performing the ultrasound, you notice multiple anechoic structures throughout the myometrium. Color Doppler reveals abundant blood flow in the anechoic structures. What pathology do you suspect?

arterovenous malformation
leiomyosarcoma
endometritis
endometrial carcinoma
adenomyosis

A

arterovenous malformation

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10
Q

The portion of the vascular bed that is missing in an AV malformation is:

Artery
No answer text provided.
Vein
Capillary

A

Capillary

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11
Q

When the mullerian ducts fail to fuse properly and the result is 1 vagina, 2 cervix, and 2 uterus it is termed:

Arcuate
Unicornuate
Complete Bicornuate
Partial Bicornuate
Didelphys
Subseptate

A

Complete Bicornuate

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12
Q

Which MDA does the medium septum extend to the cervical os?

didelphic
complete septate
unicornuate
arcuate

A

complete septate

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13
Q

Which of the following will occur when the 2 mullerian ducts completely fail to fuse leaving 2 vaginas, 2 cervix, and 2 uterus?

Sepatate Uterus
Complete Bicornuate
Partial Bicornuate
Unicornuate
Didelphys

A

Didelphys

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14
Q

Your next patient is a 39 year old female who has had heavy periods for the past several years. Over the past 6 months, the patient has noticed that she has the need to urinate more frequently, but denies any pain or burning sensation when urinating. During her yearly checkup with her gynecologist, the doctor noted that her uterus is enlarged. A blood pregnancy test came back negative. What do you suspect?
adenomyosis
endometrial polyp
endometrial adhesions
endometrial carcinoma
leiomyoma

A

leiomyoma

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15
Q

A woman comes for a routine pelvic scan. Her history is as follows:

Symptoms: None

Pain: None

Pelvic Exam: Doctor stated that her uterus felt mildly enlarged

This history correlates with which of the following pathologies?

Leiomyosarcoma
Adenomyosis
Fibroids
AV malformation

A

Fibroids

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16
Q

What is the common term for a leiomyoma?

polyp
fibroid
IUD
adenomyoma

A

fibroid

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17
Q

In which of the following situations might a fibroid normally get larger?

pregnancy
menopause
loss of estrogen
loss of its blood supply

A

pregnancy

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18
Q

Which ethnic group are fibroids most common in?

Hispanic women
Caucasion women
African American women
Asian women

A

African American women

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19
Q

Fibroids are fed by which of the following hormones?

progesterone
hcG
estrogen
FSH

A

estrogen

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20
Q

Small amounts of fluid found in the endometrial canal may be considered normal in an asymptomatic patient. This fluid should be _____________ from the endometrial measurement.

included
excluded

A

excluded

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21
Q

Which of the following could be a reason that a postmenopausal woman has large amounts of fluid in her endometrium? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

imperforate hymen
cervical stenosis from radiation
vaginal atresia
malignancy

A

cervical stenosis from radiation
vaginal atresia
malignancy

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22
Q

_________________ is the accumulation of secretions and blood in the uterus and/or vagina due to an obstruction. This term is used after a girl has begun menstruating.

hydrometrocolpos
endometritis
hyperplasia
hematometrocolpos

A

hematometrocolpos

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT a reason for a woman to be on hormone replacement therapy?

decreases the risk of breast cancer
decreases hot flashes
decreases mood swings
decreases risk of osteoporosis

A

decreases the risk of breast cancer

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24
Q

______________ is the accumulation of secretions in the uterus and/or vagina due to obstruction. This term refers to the condition prior to the patient beginning her mentrual periods.
hydrometrocolpos
hematometrocolpos
hyperplasia
endometritis

A

hydrometrocolpos

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25
Q

If a known leimoyoma undergoes a rapid increase in size in a postmenopausal patient, then _____________ is suggested.

pregnancy
malignant change
completely normal condition
benign condition

A

malignant change

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26
Q

You are scanning a 10 year old female patient who has not begun menstruating yet. She presents with discomfort and pain in lower pelvis. You obtain the following image. What condition is most likely present?
hematometrocolpos
Gartner’s duct cyst
hydrocolpos
PID
endometriosis

A

hydrocolpos

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27
Q

When the mullerian ducts fail to fuse completely and the result is 1 vagina, 1 cervix, and 2 uterus it is termed:

Unicornuate
Partial Bicornuate
Didelphys
Complete Bicornuate
Subsepatate

A

Partial Bicornuate

28
Q

When a postmenopausal woman NOT on hormone replacement therapy comes in for a pelvic scan you should expect her endometrium to be no thicker than:

5 mm
8 cm
5 cm
8 mm

A

5 mm

29
Q

Which of the following will increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia/endometrial cancer in a postmenopausal woman?

unopposed progesterone
cyclic estrogen
unopposed estrogen
cyclic progesterone

A

unopposed estrogen

30
Q

This patient has come for a pelvic scan and while scanning you notice that there are 2 vaginas, 2 cervix and 2 uterus. It is very prominent in the transverse imaging plane. What anomaly is this?

septate uterus
unicornuate uterus
didelphys uterus
No answer text provided.
bicornuate uterus

A

didelphys uterus

31
Q

When the median septum (endometrium) is duplicated throughout the uterus all the way to the cervical os it is termed:

partial bicornuate
complete septate
partial septate
arcuate

A

complete septate

32
Q

What is the most common congenital cause of hydrometrocolpos/hematometrocolpos?

imperforate hymen
fibrosis from radiation
cervical tumor
endometriosis

A

imperforate hymen

33
Q

A postmenopausal woman who is on HRT could have an endometrial measurement of:

8 mm or less
5 cm or less
5 mm or less
8 mm or greater
8 cm or less

A

8 mm or less

34
Q

As you are scanning a 20 year old female, you determine that she has a partial bicornuate uterus. What other anatomy should you evaluate?

infrarenal aorta
spleen
external iliac arteries
liver
No answer text provided.
kidneys

A

kidneys

35
Q

When the uterine cavities (endometrium) is duplicated in the uterine horns only it is termed:

arcuate
unicornuate
septate
subseptate

A

subseptate

36
Q

This uterine pathology typically has sonographic appearance of a hypoechoic mass. It is a rare occurence and may develop from a preexisting fibroid. Because of its identical appearance to benign tumors, the diagnosis is not made on the basis of sonographic imaging.

leiomyosarcoma
adenomyosis
arterovenous malformation
endometrial carcinoma
endometrial hyperplasia

A

leiomyosarcoma

37
Q

In women on HRT, which hormone increases the risk of breast cancer?

FSH
progesterone
Clomid
unopposed estrogen

A

progesterone

38
Q

Which of the following might make you suspicious that a fibroid is malignant or a leiomyosarcoma?

decreasing in size in a post menopausal woman
increasing in size in a normal cyclic patient
increasing in size with a pregnancy
increasing in size in a post menopausal woman

A

increasing in size in a post menopausal woman

39
Q

When the uterine contour is normal but the endometrium is duplicated which has occurred?

failure of mullerian ducts to fuse
mullerian ducts fused, but midline septum did not reabsorb

A

mullerian ducts fused, but midline septum did not reabsorb

40
Q

List at least 3 causes of endometrial thickening.

A
41
Q

What are some sonographic features of fibroids?

all of the mentioned
hypoechoic
heterogeneous
lobulated margins

A

all of the mentioned

42
Q

_______________ is defined as any vaginal bleeding that occurs in a postmenopausal women other than the cyclic bleeding that would be expected with HRT.

A

Atrophic bleeding

43
Q

Scar tissue in the endometrium is?

Endometriosis
Endometrial adhesions
Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometritis

A

Endometrial adhesions

44
Q

A patient has been having difficulty getting pregnant upon asking her history you find out she has a history of pelvic surgery. You don’t see much transabdominal or transvaginally, the radiologist recommends a sonohysterography exam. What does he suspect this patient has?

Endometritis
Endometrial cancer
Endometrial adhesions
Endometrial hyperplasia

A

Endometrial adhesions

45
Q

What is an adverse effect of endometrial polyps?

Infertility
No adverse effects
Fibroids
Pain

A

Infertility

46
Q

The most common clinical sign of endometrial carcinoma in the post menopausal woman is:

No answer text provided.
No answer text provided.
postmenopausal uterine bleeding
pelvic pain
enlarged uterus

A

postmenopausal uterine bleeding

47
Q

Abnormal proliferation of the endometrial tissue is called:

adenomyosis
endometrial cancer
endometritis
endometrial hyperplasia

A

endometrial hyperplasia

48
Q

You patient is a 59 year old female who is postmenopausal. She has been experiencing some intermittent vaginal bleeding for past 2 months. She states that she is on an estrogen replacement therapy to help alleviate some postmenopausal symptoms. During the examination, you obtain the following image. What is most likely being demonstrated here?

adenomyosis
endometrial hyperplasia
PID
endometritis
Endometrial cancer
No answer text provided.

A

endometrial hyperplasia

49
Q

Which of the following is most commonly a precursor for endometrial carcinoma?

Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial polyps
Leiomyomas
Endometrial adhesions

A

Endometrial hyperplasia

50
Q

Endometrial adhesions are also known as ______________ syndrome.

Leventhal’s
Anderson’s
Akerman’s
Asherman’s

A

Asherman’s

51
Q

What is the most common gynecological malignancy in North America?

endometrial carcinoma
ovarian carcinoma
leiomyosarcoma
cervical carcinom

A

endometrial carcinoma

52
Q

Inflammation of the endometrium is:

Endometritis
Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometriosis
Endometrial cancer

A

Endometritis

53
Q

our patient had a D&C three days ago, she has been running a fever for 24 hours. Her endometrium is thick and irregular with fluid in it and some reverberation artifact. What pathology is this?

Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial adhesions
Endometritis
Endometrial cancer

A

Endometritis

54
Q

These cysts are the most common cystic lesions found in the vagina:

Pilar cyst
Gartner’s duct cysts
Baker’s cyst
Nabothian cysts

A

Gartner’s duct cysts

54
Q

Which of the following is NOT a cause of endometritis?

PID
D&C
Unopposed estrogen
post partum

A

Unopposed estrogen

55
Q

What is the most common congenital cause of hydrometrocolpos/hematometrocolpos?

imperforate hymen
fibrosis from radiation
endometriosis
cervical tumor

A

imperforate hymen

56
Q

What type of cysts are frequently seen on the cervix during ultrasound exams?

Nabothian cysts
Gartner’s duct cysts
Nigel’s cysts
Asherman’s cysts

A

Nabothian cysts

57
Q

What are inclusion cysts?

Corpus luteal cysts
Nabothian cysts
Typical follicles
Gartner duct cyst

A

Nabothian cysts

58
Q

Endometrial carcinoma is mostly common in which patients?

Women with anovulatory cycles
Premenopausal
Postmenopausal
Women with Polycystic ovaries

A

Postmenopausal

59
Q

This ultrasound image was taken during a pelvic exam of a postmenopausal woman who was experiencing a small amount of vaginal bleeding. What pathology is demonstrated?

adenomyosis
endometrial carcinoma
leiomyomas
endometrial polyps

A

endometrial polyps

60
Q

Which of the following is NOT someone endometrial polyps are usually found in:

Postmenopausal women
No answer text provided.
Women with anovulatory cycle
Premenopausal women

A

Women with anovulatory cycle

61
Q

Symptoms of polyps can be:

Severe pain
Nausea
Vomiting
None at all

A

None at all

62
Q

All of the following are considered to be sonographic characteristics of endometrial carcinoma except:

enlarged uterine size
change in shape of uterine parenchyma
poorly defined, irregular margins
homogenous sonographic appearance of uterine parenchyma
heterogenous echogenicity of endometrium

A

homogenous sonographic appearance of uterine parenchyma

63
Q

Estrogen replacement therapy is the most common risk factor for endometrial carcinoma.

True
False

A

True

64
Q

List 2 types of conditions that would be associated with a younger woman (in reproductive years) being diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia.

persistent anovulatory cycles, polycystic ovarian disease, obese women, estrogen-producing tumors

A

persistent anovulatory cycles, polycystic ovarian disease, obese women, estrogen-producing tumors

65
Q

What size are Nabothian cysts?

A

Up to 4 cm

66
Q
A

OBGYN (5 decks)

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