Uterine Pathology Flashcards by Rexlin Sebastin

Typically, adenomyosis is more extensive in the _____________ of the uterus.

No answer text provided.
anterior wall
fundus
posterior wall
cervical os

posterior wall

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When the endometrium extends into the myometrium it is termed:

Leiomyosarcoma
Diffuse fibroids
Adenomyosis
AV malformation

Adenomyosis

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Which of the following is NOT a sonographic appearance of adenomyosis?

UT enlargement
Myometrial Cysts
Venetian Blind Shadowing
Anechoic areas with mosaic color flow

Anechoic areas with mosaic color flow

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A 36 year old female has come to the imaging department for a pelvic ultrasound. She presents with a history of pelvic pain, very heavy menstrual bleeding, and dysmenorrhea. Her physical exam in the physician’s office revealed an enlarged uterus. Upon sonographic examination, you verify that the uterus is enlarged, but maintains a normal contour. The patient’s myometrium demonstrates the characteristics shown in the image below. What pathology is most likely present?
leiomyoma
leiomyosarcoma
endometrial polyps
adenomyosis
endometrial hyperplasia

adenomyosis

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What is the modality used that to confirm diagnosis of an AV malformation?

Ultrasound
MRI
Cat Scan
Angiography

Angiography

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When the fundus of the uterus is mildly indented because of the median septum (endometrium) it is termed:

septate
arcuate
partial septate
unicornuate

arcuate

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Which MDA demonstrates the almost complete reabsorption of median septum with only mild indentation of endo at fundus?

arcuate
didelphic
partial septate

arcuate

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A patient that has an AV malformation will be treated most likely with which of the following procedures?

No answer text provided.
uterine embolization
D & C procedure
hysterectomy
blood transfusion

uterine embolization

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A young woman comes into the ER with severe vaginal bleeding. She suffered pelvic trauma a few days ago as a result of automobile accident. Her blood lab values show decreased hemoglobin. While you are performing the ultrasound, you notice multiple anechoic structures throughout the myometrium. Color Doppler reveals abundant blood flow in the anechoic structures. What pathology do you suspect?

arterovenous malformation
leiomyosarcoma
endometritis
endometrial carcinoma
adenomyosis

arterovenous malformation

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The portion of the vascular bed that is missing in an AV malformation is:

Artery
No answer text provided.
Vein
Capillary

Capillary

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When the mullerian ducts fail to fuse properly and the result is 1 vagina, 2 cervix, and 2 uterus it is termed:

Arcuate
Unicornuate
Complete Bicornuate
Partial Bicornuate
Didelphys
Subseptate

Complete Bicornuate

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Which MDA does the medium septum extend to the cervical os?

didelphic
complete septate
unicornuate
arcuate

complete septate

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Which of the following will occur when the 2 mullerian ducts completely fail to fuse leaving 2 vaginas, 2 cervix, and 2 uterus?

Sepatate Uterus
Complete Bicornuate
Partial Bicornuate
Unicornuate
Didelphys

Didelphys

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Your next patient is a 39 year old female who has had heavy periods for the past several years. Over the past 6 months, the patient has noticed that she has the need to urinate more frequently, but denies any pain or burning sensation when urinating. During her yearly checkup with her gynecologist, the doctor noted that her uterus is enlarged. A blood pregnancy test came back negative. What do you suspect?
adenomyosis
endometrial polyp
endometrial adhesions
endometrial carcinoma
leiomyoma

leiomyoma

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A woman comes for a routine pelvic scan. Her history is as follows:

Symptoms: None

Pain: None

Pelvic Exam: Doctor stated that her uterus felt mildly enlarged

This history correlates with which of the following pathologies?

Leiomyosarcoma
Adenomyosis
Fibroids
AV malformation

Fibroids

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What is the common term for a leiomyoma?

polyp
fibroid
IUD
adenomyoma

fibroid

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In which of the following situations might a fibroid normally get larger?

pregnancy
menopause
loss of estrogen
loss of its blood supply

pregnancy

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Which ethnic group are fibroids most common in?

Hispanic women
Caucasion women
African American women
Asian women

African American women

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Fibroids are fed by which of the following hormones?

progesterone
hcG
estrogen
FSH

estrogen

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Small amounts of fluid found in the endometrial canal may be considered normal in an asymptomatic patient. This fluid should be _____________ from the endometrial measurement.

included
excluded

excluded

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Which of the following could be a reason that a postmenopausal woman has large amounts of fluid in her endometrium? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

imperforate hymen
cervical stenosis from radiation
vaginal atresia
malignancy

cervical stenosis from radiation
vaginal atresia
malignancy

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_________________ is the accumulation of secretions and blood in the uterus and/or vagina due to an obstruction. This term is used after a girl has begun menstruating.

hydrometrocolpos
endometritis
hyperplasia
hematometrocolpos

hematometrocolpos

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Which of the following is NOT a reason for a woman to be on hormone replacement therapy?

decreases the risk of breast cancer
decreases hot flashes
decreases mood swings
decreases risk of osteoporosis

decreases the risk of breast cancer

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______________ is the accumulation of secretions in the uterus and/or vagina due to obstruction. This term refers to the condition prior to the patient beginning her mentrual periods.
hydrometrocolpos
hematometrocolpos
hyperplasia
endometritis

hydrometrocolpos

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If a known leimoyoma undergoes a rapid increase in size in a postmenopausal patient, then _____________ is suggested. pregnancy malignant change completely normal condition benign condition

malignant change

You are scanning a 10 year old female patient who has not begun menstruating yet. She presents with discomfort and pain in lower pelvis. You obtain the following image. What condition is most likely present? hematometrocolpos Gartner's duct cyst hydrocolpos PID endometriosis

hydrocolpos

When the mullerian ducts fail to fuse completely and the result is 1 vagina, 1 cervix, and 2 uterus it is termed: Unicornuate Partial Bicornuate Didelphys Complete Bicornuate Subsepatate

Partial Bicornuate

When a postmenopausal woman NOT on hormone replacement therapy comes in for a pelvic scan you should expect her endometrium to be no thicker than: 5 mm 8 cm 5 cm 8 mm

5 mm

Which of the following will increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia/endometrial cancer in a postmenopausal woman? unopposed progesterone cyclic estrogen unopposed estrogen cyclic progesterone

unopposed estrogen

This patient has come for a pelvic scan and while scanning you notice that there are 2 vaginas, 2 cervix and 2 uterus. It is very prominent in the transverse imaging plane. What anomaly is this? septate uterus unicornuate uterus didelphys uterus No answer text provided. bicornuate uterus

didelphys uterus

When the median septum (endometrium) is duplicated throughout the uterus all the way to the cervical os it is termed: partial bicornuate complete septate partial septate arcuate

complete septate

What is the most common congenital cause of hydrometrocolpos/hematometrocolpos? imperforate hymen fibrosis from radiation cervical tumor endometriosis

imperforate hymen

A postmenopausal woman who is on HRT could have an endometrial measurement of: 8 mm or less 5 cm or less 5 mm or less 8 mm or greater 8 cm or less

8 mm or less

As you are scanning a 20 year old female, you determine that she has a partial bicornuate uterus. What other anatomy should you evaluate? infrarenal aorta spleen external iliac arteries liver No answer text provided. kidneys

kidneys

When the uterine cavities (endometrium) is duplicated in the uterine horns only it is termed: arcuate unicornuate septate subseptate

subseptate

This uterine pathology typically has sonographic appearance of a hypoechoic mass. It is a rare occurence and may develop from a preexisting fibroid. Because of its identical appearance to benign tumors, the diagnosis is not made on the basis of sonographic imaging. leiomyosarcoma adenomyosis arterovenous malformation endometrial carcinoma endometrial hyperplasia

leiomyosarcoma

In women on HRT, which hormone increases the risk of breast cancer? FSH progesterone Clomid unopposed estrogen

progesterone

Which of the following might make you suspicious that a fibroid is malignant or a leiomyosarcoma? decreasing in size in a post menopausal woman increasing in size in a normal cyclic patient increasing in size with a pregnancy increasing in size in a post menopausal woman

increasing in size in a post menopausal woman

When the uterine contour is normal but the endometrium is duplicated which has occurred? failure of mullerian ducts to fuse mullerian ducts fused, but midline septum did not reabsorb

mullerian ducts fused, but midline septum did not reabsorb

List at least 3 causes of endometrial thickening.

What are some sonographic features of fibroids? all of the mentioned hypoechoic heterogeneous lobulated margins

all of the mentioned

_______________ is defined as any vaginal bleeding that occurs in a postmenopausal women other than the cyclic bleeding that would be expected with HRT.

Atrophic bleeding

Scar tissue in the endometrium is? Endometriosis Endometrial adhesions Endometrial hyperplasia Endometritis

Endometrial adhesions

A patient has been having difficulty getting pregnant upon asking her history you find out she has a history of pelvic surgery. You don't see much transabdominal or transvaginally, the radiologist recommends a sonohysterography exam. What does he suspect this patient has? Endometritis Endometrial cancer Endometrial adhesions Endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial adhesions

What is an adverse effect of endometrial polyps? Infertility No adverse effects Fibroids Pain

Infertility

The most common clinical sign of endometrial carcinoma in the post menopausal woman is: No answer text provided. No answer text provided. postmenopausal uterine bleeding pelvic pain enlarged uterus

postmenopausal uterine bleeding

Abnormal proliferation of the endometrial tissue is called: adenomyosis endometrial cancer endometritis endometrial hyperplasia

endometrial hyperplasia

You patient is a 59 year old female who is postmenopausal. She has been experiencing some intermittent vaginal bleeding for past 2 months. She states that she is on an estrogen replacement therapy to help alleviate some postmenopausal symptoms. During the examination, you obtain the following image. What is most likely being demonstrated here? adenomyosis endometrial hyperplasia PID endometritis Endometrial cancer No answer text provided.

endometrial hyperplasia

Which of the following is most commonly a precursor for endometrial carcinoma? Endometrial hyperplasia Endometrial polyps Leiomyomas Endometrial adhesions

Endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial adhesions are also known as ______________ syndrome. Leventhal's Anderson's Akerman's Asherman's

Asherman's

What is the most common gynecological malignancy in North America? endometrial carcinoma ovarian carcinoma leiomyosarcoma cervical carcinom

endometrial carcinoma

Inflammation of the endometrium is: Endometritis Endometrial hyperplasia Endometriosis Endometrial cancer

Endometritis

our patient had a D&C three days ago, she has been running a fever for 24 hours. Her endometrium is thick and irregular with fluid in it and some reverberation artifact. What pathology is this? Endometrial hyperplasia Endometrial adhesions Endometritis Endometrial cancer

Endometritis

These cysts are the most common cystic lesions found in the vagina: Pilar cyst Gartner's duct cysts Baker's cyst Nabothian cysts

Gartner's duct cysts

Which of the following is NOT a cause of endometritis? PID D&C Unopposed estrogen post partum

Unopposed estrogen

What is the most common congenital cause of hydrometrocolpos/hematometrocolpos? imperforate hymen fibrosis from radiation endometriosis cervical tumor

imperforate hymen

What type of cysts are frequently seen on the cervix during ultrasound exams? Nabothian cysts Gartner's duct cysts Nigel's cysts Asherman's cysts

Nabothian cysts

What are inclusion cysts? Corpus luteal cysts Nabothian cysts Typical follicles Gartner duct cyst

Nabothian cysts

Endometrial carcinoma is mostly common in which patients? Women with anovulatory cycles Premenopausal Postmenopausal Women with Polycystic ovaries

Postmenopausal

This ultrasound image was taken during a pelvic exam of a postmenopausal woman who was experiencing a small amount of vaginal bleeding. What pathology is demonstrated? adenomyosis endometrial carcinoma leiomyomas endometrial polyps

endometrial polyps

Which of the following is NOT someone endometrial polyps are usually found in: Postmenopausal women No answer text provided. Women with anovulatory cycle Premenopausal women

Women with anovulatory cycle

Symptoms of polyps can be: Severe pain Nausea Vomiting None at all

None at all

All of the following are considered to be sonographic characteristics of endometrial carcinoma except: enlarged uterine size change in shape of uterine parenchyma poorly defined, irregular margins homogenous sonographic appearance of uterine parenchyma heterogenous echogenicity of endometrium

homogenous sonographic appearance of uterine parenchyma

Estrogen replacement therapy is the most common risk factor for endometrial carcinoma. True False

True

List 2 types of conditions that would be associated with a younger woman (in reproductive years) being diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia. persistent anovulatory cycles, polycystic ovarian disease, obese women, estrogen-producing tumors

persistent anovulatory cycles, polycystic ovarian disease, obese women, estrogen-producing tumors

What size are Nabothian cysts?

Up to 4 cm