Fetal heart Flashcards
Which view of the heart can rule out up to 96% of all fetal heart anomalies?
Inflow Tract
Outflow Tract
Four Chamber
Aortic Arch
Four Chamber
This type of aortic abnormality will cause enlargement of the left ventricle and has a 23% mortality rate.
Pulmonary Stenosis
Aortic Stenosis
Coarctation of the Aorta
Hypoplastic left heart
Aortic Stenosis
This heart defect is more common in females. It allows blood to flow between the 2 atria and can sometimes be indistinguishable from the foramen ovale. What is it?
VSD
Coarctation of the Aorta
ASD
Aortic Stenosis
ASD
What is the 5th most common form of congenital heart disease?
ASD
VSD
Coarctation of the Aorta
Atrialventricular septal defect
ASD
When the aorta and the pulmonary artery are opposite from their normal ventricle placement in the heart, and the anomaly is incompatible with life it is termed:
dextrotransposition (complete)
levotransposition (corrected)
dextrocardia
levocardia
dextrotransposition (complete)
When the septal defect involves the intra-atrial septum, intraventricular septum, mitral and tricuspid valves it’s called?
ASD
VSD
MSD
AVSD
AVSD
Narrowing of the aorta lumen is present in about 20% of pts with Turner’s syndrome.
Truncus Arteriosus
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Aortic Atresia
Coarctation of the Aorta
Coarctation of the Aorta
When the atria and ventricle are incorrectly paired and so are the great vessels, the anomalies cancel each other out. This kind of TGA is termed:
Levotransposition (corrected)
Dextrotransposition (complete)
Levocardia
Dextroposition
Levotransposition (corrected)
The cardiac malposition in which the heart is in the right chest and the apex is pointed to the right of the thorax is called:
Dextroposition
Dextrocardia
Levocardia
Mesocardia
Dextrocardia
This anomaly is associated with coarctation of the aorta in 80% of cases.
Aortic Atresia
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Endocardial Cushion defect
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
You are scanning a fetus and notice that when you have the four chamber view the right ventricle is small. You start to scan the RVOT view and notice that the pulmonary artery is also very small. This sonographic appearance is indicative of:
Hypertrophied right heart
Hypoplastic right ventricle
Coarctation of the aorta
Hypoplastic left heart
Hypoplastic right ventricle
When the heart is located on the left and the apex is pointing to the left it is termed:
Levocardia
Mesocardia
Dextrocardia
Dextroposition
Levocardia
Pulmonic stenosis will cause _______ of the right ventricle.
hypertrophy
atresia
hypotrophy
hypertrophy
Rhabdomyomas are associated with:
tuberculosis
tuberous sclerosis
cystic fibrosis
fibromyalgia
tuberous sclerosis
This form of CHD can be asymptomatic at birth but will become cyanotic and develop a murmur within a few weeks.
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Endocardial Cushing Defect
Coarctation of the Aorta
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot
The following abnormalities are associated with which of the following?
VSD
Overriding Aorta
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle
Stenosis of the RVOT
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Endocardial Cushion Defect
Tetralogy of Mallot
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot
If there are shunts in the heart that stay open post birth, then complete transposition of the great arteries can be repaired and the neonate can survive.
True or False?
True
False
True
When the pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation, and coronary arteries all come from a single great artery that arises from the base of the heart it is termed:
Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus Arteriosus
Coarctation of the Aorta
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Truncus Arteriosus
The most common cardiac tumor we discussed in this unit is called:
Teratoma
Rhabdomyoma
Myxoma
Mesothelioma
Hemangioma
Rhabdomyoma
Which view of the heart can rule out 96% of all fetal heart anomalies?
Four Chamber
Aortic Arch
Outflow Tract
Inflow Tract
Four Chamber
n a patient with situs solitus, what side of the abdomen would the stomach be on?
left
midline
right
left
The most common congenital defect of the heart is:
hypoplastic right heart
hypoplastic left heart
VSD
ASD
VSD
VSD
Which condition can be associated with polysplenia or asplenia?
truncus arteriosus
double outlet right ventricle
univentricular heart
VSD
univentricular heart
Narrowing of the aortic lumen is termed:
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Truncus Arteriosus
Coarctation of the Aorta
Aortic Atresia
Coarctation of the Aorta
Coarctation of the Aorta
This condition is incompatible with life and occurs when the aorta comes off the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery comes off the left ventricle.
dextrocardia
corrected TGA
dextrotransposition
levocardia
dextrotransposition
dextrotransposition
This anomaly is associated with coarctation of the aorta in 80% of cases.
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Endocardial Cushion
Aortic Atresia
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
What is the most common form of ASD?
ostium secundum
sinus venosus
ostium primum
atrialventricular
ostium secundum
Coarctation of the aorta is seen as stricture/narrowing at the level of the LVOT.
True
False
False
Where would the normal IVC and SVC enter into the heart?
right ventricle
left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
The following abnormalities are associated with which of the following?
VSD
Overriding Aorta
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle
Stenosis of the RVOT
Endocardial Cushion Defect
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Mallot
Tetralogy of Fallot
The cardiac malposition in which the heart is in the right chest and the apex is pointed to the right of the thorax is called:
Levocardia
Dextrocardia
Dextroposition
Mesocardia
Dextrocardia
Which form of ectopia cordis is most common?
Cervical
Thoracoabdominal
Thoracic
Abdominal
Thoracic
When the heart is located on the left and the apex is pointing to the left it is termed:
Mesocardia
Dextrocardia
Levocardia
Dextroposition
Levocardia
You are scanning a fetus and notice that when you have the four chamber view the right ventricle is small. You start to scan the RVOT view and notice that the pulmonary artery is also very small. This sonographic appearance is indicative of:
Coarctation of the aorta
Hypertrophied right heart
Hypoplastic left heart
Hypoplastic right ventricle
Hypoplastic right ventricle
Rhabdomyomas may be associated with which of the following? select all that apply
Arrythmias
Pericardial Effusion
Dermoids
Chocolate cyst
Hydrops
CHF
Hydrops
CHF
Pericardial Effusion
Arrythmias
Rhabdomyomas are associated with:
tuberous sclerosis
cystic fibrosis
tuberculosis
fibromyalgia
tuberous sclerosis
When the atrium and ventricles are incorrectly paired, and the great vessels are also incorrectly paired, they cancel each other out. What is the condition?
Dextroposition
Levocardia
Dextrotransposition (complete TGA)
Levotransposition (corrected TGA)
Levotransposition (corrected TGA)
Match the ASD with its anatomical position.
- sinus venosus-
high in the atrial septum near the SVC - ostium primum-
low in atrial septum near the ventricles - ostium secundum
Correct match:
central septum near foramen ovale
This form of CHD can be asymptomatic at birth but will become cyanotic (poor circulation, inadequate blood oxygenation) and develop a heart murmur within a few weeks.
tetralogy of fallot
rhabdomyoma
univentricular heart
coarctation of the aorta
tetralogy of fallot
In normal fetal heart anatomy, there should be an opening seen between the right and left atrium known as the foramen ovale.
True
False
True
What is the most common form of CHD in adult patients?
VSD
L-TGA
D-ORV
ASD
ASD
Echogenic intracardiac foci are treated as malignant until proven otherwise.
True
False
False
Having a bad angle/view of the heart can cause artifact, resulting in a pseudo ventricular septal defect.
True
False
True
When the heart is centrally located and the apex points anteriorly, we call this:
dextrocardia
levocardia
mesocardia
dextroposition
mesocardia
Pulmonic stenosis will cause _______ of the right ventricle.
atrophy
hypertrophy
hypertrophy
When the pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation and coronary arteries all arise from a single great artery that arises from the base of the heart it is termed:
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Coarctation of the Aorta
Truncus Arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus Arteriosus
What is the best time to perform a fetal echo?
18-22 weeks
18-32 weeks
25-30 weeks
28-32 weeks
18-22 weeks
Which cardiovascular views would be attained in a true sagittal plane? select all that apply
aortic arch
svc
4ch
ivc
3vtv
ductal arch
aortic arch
svc
ivc
ductal arch
The normal orientation of the aorta in relation to the pulmonary artery should be:
they aren’t adjacent
crossing like an X
parallel with each other
crossing like an X
f there are shunts in the heart that stay open post birth, then complete transposition of the great arteries can be repaired and the neonate can survive.
False
True
True
The mitral valve is atretic and the aorta appears stenotic. The left ventricle has become small from a decrease in blood flow due to the mentioned abnormalities. What is this anomaly called?
Coarctation of the Aorta
Hypoplastic Right Heart
Pulmonary Atresia
Hypoplastic Left Heart syndrome
Hypoplastic Left Heart syndrome
When the heart is located on the outside of the fetal body due to an abnormal opening it is called:
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Omphalocele
Ectopic Cordis
Gastroschisis
Ectopic Cordis
Sometimes the heart becomes displaced to the right due to an external factor such as a mass or pleural effusion. In this case the apex still points left but the heart is pushed right, this is called:
Mesocardia
Dextrocardia
Dextroposition
Levocardia
Dextroposition
When the septal defect occurs where the ends of the mitral and tricuspid valves insert, due to fusion failure of the endocardial cushions, it is termed:
VSD
AVSD
MSD
ASD
AVSD
When the tricuspid valve’s septal leaflet is attached abnormally inferior in the right ventricle, it is referred to as:
Coarctation of the aorta
Hypoplastic right heart
Endocardial Cushion Defect
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Ebstein’s Anomaly
This heart defect allows blood to flow between the 2 atria and can sometimes be indistinguishable from the foramen ovale. What is it?
Aortic Stenosis
ASD
Coarctation of the Aorta
VSD
ASD
Abnormal cardiac axis is associated with 81% mortality.
True
False
False
This type of abnormality will cause enlargement of the left ventricle due to the fact that blood cannot leave the heart normally.
Pulmonary Stenosis
Hypoplastic left heart
Coarctation of the Aorta
Aortic Stenosis
Aortic Stenosis
- 3VTV-
shows the aortic and ductal arch to the trachea - RVOT-
show the PA coming off the RV - SVC- courses caudally from the upper body to the right atrium
- ductal arch- shows the confluence of the RVOT, PA, and ductus arteriosus
- LVOT- shows the aorta coming off the LV
