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Fetal heart Flashcards

1
Q

Which view of the heart can rule out up to 96% of all fetal heart anomalies?

Inflow Tract
Outflow Tract
Four Chamber
Aortic Arch

A

Four Chamber

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2
Q

This type of aortic abnormality will cause enlargement of the left ventricle and has a 23% mortality rate.

Pulmonary Stenosis
Aortic Stenosis
Coarctation of the Aorta
Hypoplastic left heart

A

Aortic Stenosis

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3
Q

This heart defect is more common in females. It allows blood to flow between the 2 atria and can sometimes be indistinguishable from the foramen ovale. What is it?

VSD
Coarctation of the Aorta
ASD
Aortic Stenosis

A

ASD

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4
Q

What is the 5th most common form of congenital heart disease?

ASD
VSD
Coarctation of the Aorta
Atrialventricular septal defect

A

ASD

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5
Q

When the aorta and the pulmonary artery are opposite from their normal ventricle placement in the heart, and the anomaly is incompatible with life it is termed:

dextrotransposition (complete)
levotransposition (corrected)
dextrocardia
levocardia

A

dextrotransposition (complete)

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5
Q

When the septal defect involves the intra-atrial septum, intraventricular septum, mitral and tricuspid valves it’s called?

ASD
VSD
MSD
AVSD

A

AVSD

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6
Q

Narrowing of the aorta lumen is present in about 20% of pts with Turner’s syndrome.

Truncus Arteriosus
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Aortic Atresia
Coarctation of the Aorta

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

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7
Q

When the atria and ventricle are incorrectly paired and so are the great vessels, the anomalies cancel each other out. This kind of TGA is termed:

Levotransposition (corrected)
Dextrotransposition (complete)
Levocardia
Dextroposition

A

Levotransposition (corrected)

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8
Q

The cardiac malposition in which the heart is in the right chest and the apex is pointed to the right of the thorax is called:

Dextroposition
Dextrocardia
Levocardia
Mesocardia

A

Dextrocardia

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9
Q

This anomaly is associated with coarctation of the aorta in 80% of cases.

Aortic Atresia
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Endocardial Cushion defect
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

A

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

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10
Q

You are scanning a fetus and notice that when you have the four chamber view the right ventricle is small. You start to scan the RVOT view and notice that the pulmonary artery is also very small. This sonographic appearance is indicative of:

Hypertrophied right heart
Hypoplastic right ventricle
Coarctation of the aorta
Hypoplastic left heart

A

Hypoplastic right ventricle

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11
Q

When the heart is located on the left and the apex is pointing to the left it is termed:

Levocardia
Mesocardia
Dextrocardia
Dextroposition

A

Levocardia

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12
Q

Pulmonic stenosis will cause _______ of the right ventricle.

hypertrophy
atresia
hypotrophy

A

hypertrophy

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13
Q

Rhabdomyomas are associated with:

tuberculosis
tuberous sclerosis
cystic fibrosis
fibromyalgia

A

tuberous sclerosis

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14
Q

This form of CHD can be asymptomatic at birth but will become cyanotic and develop a murmur within a few weeks.

Ebstein’s Anomaly
Endocardial Cushing Defect
Coarctation of the Aorta
Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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15
Q

The following abnormalities are associated with which of the following?

VSD

Overriding Aorta

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle

Stenosis of the RVOT

Ebstein’s Anomaly
Endocardial Cushion Defect
Tetralogy of Mallot
Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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16
Q

If there are shunts in the heart that stay open post birth, then complete transposition of the great arteries can be repaired and the neonate can survive.

True or False?

True
False

A

True

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17
Q

When the pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation, and coronary arteries all come from a single great artery that arises from the base of the heart it is termed:

Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus Arteriosus
Coarctation of the Aorta
Ebstein’s Anomaly

A

Truncus Arteriosus

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18
Q

The most common cardiac tumor we discussed in this unit is called:

Teratoma

Rhabdomyoma

Myxoma

Mesothelioma

Hemangioma

A

Rhabdomyoma

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19
Q

Which view of the heart can rule out 96% of all fetal heart anomalies?

Four Chamber

Aortic Arch

Outflow Tract

Inflow Tract

A

Four Chamber

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20
Q

n a patient with situs solitus, what side of the abdomen would the stomach be on?

left

midline

right

A

left

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21
Q

The most common congenital defect of the heart is:

hypoplastic right heart

hypoplastic left heart

VSD

ASD

VSD

A

VSD

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22
Q

Which condition can be associated with polysplenia or asplenia?

truncus arteriosus

double outlet right ventricle

univentricular heart

VSD

A

univentricular heart

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23
Q

Narrowing of the aortic lumen is termed:

Ebstein’s Anomaly

Truncus Arteriosus

Coarctation of the Aorta

Aortic Atresia

Coarctation of the Aorta

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

24
This condition is incompatible with life and occurs when the aorta comes off the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery comes off the left ventricle. dextrocardia corrected TGA dextrotransposition levocardia dextrotransposition
dextrotransposition
25
This anomaly is associated with coarctation of the aorta in 80% of cases. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Endocardial Cushion Aortic Atresia Ebstein's Anomaly
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
26
What is the most common form of ASD? ostium secundum sinus venosus ostium primum atrialventricular
ostium secundum
27
Coarctation of the aorta is seen as stricture/narrowing at the level of the LVOT. True False
False
28
Where would the normal IVC and SVC enter into the heart? right ventricle left atrium right atrium left ventricle
right atrium
29
The following abnormalities are associated with which of the following? VSD Overriding Aorta Hypertrophy of the right ventricle Stenosis of the RVOT Endocardial Cushion Defect Ebstein's Anomaly Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Mallot
Tetralogy of Fallot
30
The cardiac malposition in which the heart is in the right chest and the apex is pointed to the right of the thorax is called: Levocardia Dextrocardia Dextroposition Mesocardia
Dextrocardia
31
Which form of ectopia cordis is most common? Cervical Thoracoabdominal Thoracic Abdominal
Thoracic
32
When the heart is located on the left and the apex is pointing to the left it is termed: Mesocardia Dextrocardia Levocardia Dextroposition
Levocardia
33
You are scanning a fetus and notice that when you have the four chamber view the right ventricle is small. You start to scan the RVOT view and notice that the pulmonary artery is also very small. This sonographic appearance is indicative of: Coarctation of the aorta Hypertrophied right heart Hypoplastic left heart Hypoplastic right ventricle
Hypoplastic right ventricle
34
Rhabdomyomas may be associated with which of the following? select all that apply Arrythmias Pericardial Effusion Dermoids Chocolate cyst Hydrops CHF
Hydrops CHF Pericardial Effusion Arrythmias
35
Rhabdomyomas are associated with: tuberous sclerosis cystic fibrosis tuberculosis fibromyalgia
tuberous sclerosis
36
When the atrium and ventricles are incorrectly paired, and the great vessels are also incorrectly paired, they cancel each other out. What is the condition? Dextroposition Levocardia Dextrotransposition (complete TGA) Levotransposition (corrected TGA)
Levotransposition (corrected TGA)
37
Match the ASD with its anatomical position. 1. sinus venosus- high in the atrial septum near the SVC 2. ostium primum- low in atrial septum near the ventricles 3. ostium secundum Correct match: central septum near foramen ovale
38
This form of CHD can be asymptomatic at birth but will become cyanotic (poor circulation, inadequate blood oxygenation) and develop a heart murmur within a few weeks. tetralogy of fallot rhabdomyoma univentricular heart coarctation of the aorta
tetralogy of fallot
39
In normal fetal heart anatomy, there should be an opening seen between the right and left atrium known as the foramen ovale. True False
True
40
What is the most common form of CHD in adult patients? VSD L-TGA D-ORV ASD
ASD
41
Echogenic intracardiac foci are treated as malignant until proven otherwise. True False
False
42
Having a bad angle/view of the heart can cause artifact, resulting in a pseudo ventricular septal defect. True False
True
43
When the heart is centrally located and the apex points anteriorly, we call this: dextrocardia levocardia mesocardia dextroposition
mesocardia
43
Pulmonic stenosis will cause _______ of the right ventricle. atrophy hypertrophy
hypertrophy
44
When the pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation and coronary arteries all arise from a single great artery that arises from the base of the heart it is termed: Ebstein's Anomaly Coarctation of the Aorta Truncus Arteriosus Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus Arteriosus
45
What is the best time to perform a fetal echo? 18-22 weeks 18-32 weeks 25-30 weeks 28-32 weeks
18-22 weeks
46
Which cardiovascular views would be attained in a true sagittal plane? select all that apply aortic arch svc 4ch ivc 3vtv ductal arch
aortic arch svc ivc ductal arch
47
The normal orientation of the aorta in relation to the pulmonary artery should be: they aren't adjacent crossing like an X parallel with each other
crossing like an X
48
f there are shunts in the heart that stay open post birth, then complete transposition of the great arteries can be repaired and the neonate can survive. False True
True
49
The mitral valve is atretic and the aorta appears stenotic. The left ventricle has become small from a decrease in blood flow due to the mentioned abnormalities. What is this anomaly called? Coarctation of the Aorta Hypoplastic Right Heart Pulmonary Atresia Hypoplastic Left Heart syndrome
Hypoplastic Left Heart syndrome
50
When the heart is located on the outside of the fetal body due to an abnormal opening it is called: Ebstein's Anomaly Omphalocele Ectopic Cordis Gastroschisis
Ectopic Cordis
51
Sometimes the heart becomes displaced to the right due to an external factor such as a mass or pleural effusion. In this case the apex still points left but the heart is pushed right, this is called: Mesocardia Dextrocardia Dextroposition Levocardia
Dextroposition
52
When the septal defect occurs where the ends of the mitral and tricuspid valves insert, due to fusion failure of the endocardial cushions, it is termed: VSD AVSD MSD ASD
AVSD
53
When the tricuspid valve's septal leaflet is attached abnormally inferior in the right ventricle, it is referred to as: Coarctation of the aorta Hypoplastic right heart Endocardial Cushion Defect Ebstein's Anomaly
Ebstein's Anomaly
54
This heart defect allows blood to flow between the 2 atria and can sometimes be indistinguishable from the foramen ovale. What is it? Aortic Stenosis ASD Coarctation of the Aorta VSD
ASD
55
Abnormal cardiac axis is associated with 81% mortality. True False
False
56
This type of abnormality will cause enlargement of the left ventricle due to the fact that blood cannot leave the heart normally. Pulmonary Stenosis Hypoplastic left heart Coarctation of the Aorta Aortic Stenosis
Aortic Stenosis
56
1. 3VTV- shows the aortic and ductal arch to the trachea 2. RVOT- show the PA coming off the RV 3. SVC- courses caudally from the upper body to the right atrium 4. ductal arch- shows the confluence of the RVOT, PA, and ductus arteriosus 5. LVOT- shows the aorta coming off the LV

OBGYN (13 decks)

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