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Multifetal Flashcards

1
Q

What is a succenturiate lobe placenta?

an abnormal placenta

an accessory lobe placenta

a non-functioning placenta

all placentas are called this

A

an accessory lobe placenta

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2
Q

A boy fetus and a girl fetus tells us that the pregnancy is:

monochorionic, monoamniotic

dizygotic

monozygotic

monochorionic, diamniotic

A

dizygotic

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3
Q

Cleavage of the zygote after day 14 results in:

monochorionic monoamniotic twins

monochorionic diamniotic twins

dichorionic diamniotic twins

conjoined twins

A

conjoined twins

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4
Q

What is the main factor that causes increased mortality of monoamniotoic twins?

2 vessel cord

cord entanglement

3+ vessel cord

A

cord entanglement

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5
Q

In monozygotic twinning, if there are 2 chorions, 2 amnions, and 2 placenta when did cleavage of the zygote occur?

4 days or earlier

between 4 and 8 days

8 days or more

13 day

A

4 days or earlier

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6
Q

If you have 1 chorion and 1 amnion with 2 fetuses sharing a placenta this is considered:

monochorionic monoamniotic

monochorionic diamniotic

dichorionic diamniotic

dizygotic

A

monochorionic monoamniotic

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7
Q

Monoamniotic Twins are at risk for all of the same complications as monochorionic twins includes:

TRAP

TTTS

TES

Cord entanglement

A

TTTS

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8
Q

Monochorionic diamniotic means there are ___chorions and ____ amnions.

1, 2

2, 2

2, 1

1, 1

A

1, 2

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9
Q

Which type of twinning is the most dangerous or high risk?

dizygotic

monochorionic, diamniotic

dichorionic, diamniotic

monochorionic, monoamniotic

A

monochorionic, monoamniotic

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10
Q

What is selective reduction of embryos and when would it be used?

elective termination of an embryo, to improve pregnancy outcome/decrease preterm birth

elective termination of all embryo, to prevent birth

elective termination of an embryo, to worsen pregnancy outcome/increase preterm birth

A

elective termination of an embryo, to improve pregnancy outcome/decrease preterm birth

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11
Q

Which complication does this describe?

Thromboplastin rich blood from the dead twin travels via placental anastomoses to the live twin.

TTTS

TES

TRAP

Cord entanglement

A

TES

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12
Q

TES is a complication that is seen a lot in what other twinning situation?

TTTS

Conjoined Twins

TRAP

Cord entanglement

A

TTTS

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13
Q

In TRAP sequence, if the acardiac twin continues to grow, what can this trigger?
death of the other twin

pre-term labor

pre-eclampsia

nothing

A

pre-term labor

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14
Q

Which twinning complication has a donor twin and a recipient twin, where the recipient is overloaded?

Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS)

Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence (TRAP)

Twin Embolization Syndrome (TES)

Conjoined Twins

A

Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS)

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15
Q

What is the percentage rate of death of one twin in monochorionic pregnancy?

10%

20%

25%

30%

A

20%

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16
Q

What is a succenturiate lobe placenta?

an abnormal placenta

an accessory lobe placenta

a non-functioning placenta

all placentas are called this

A

an accessory lobe placenta

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17
Q

A boy fetus and a girl fetus tells us that the pregnancy is:

monochorionic, monoamniotic

dizygotic

monozygotic

monochorionic, diamniotic

A

dizygotic

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18
Q

refers to type of placentation

chorionicity

amnionicity

zygosicity

placenticity

A

chorionicity

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19
Q

Cleavage of the zygote after day 14 results in:

monochorionic monoamniotic

monochorionic diamniotic

dichorionic diamniotic

conjoined twins

A

conjoined twins

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20
Q

What is the main factor that causes increased mortality of monoamniotic twins?

2 vessel cord

cord entanglement

3+ vessel cord

A

cord entanglement

21
Q

When 2 eggs and 2 sperm join, this is considered what type of zygotism?

Dizygotic

Monozygotic

Trizygotic

Diamniotic

22
Q

How many amnions will there be in dizygotic twinning?

1

2

23
Q

In monozygotic twinning, if there are 2 chorions, 2 amnions, and 2 placentas, when did cleavage of the zygote occur?

4 days or earlier

between 4 and 8 days

8 days or more

13 days

A

4 days or earlier

24
Q

In monozygotic twinning, if the result is monochorionic, monoamniotic what structure cleaved?

zygote

inner cell mass of blastocyst

embryonic disk

outer cell mass of blastocyst

A

embryonic disk

25
Which of the following is considered fraternal twins? Dizygotic Monozygotic
Dizygotic
26
In monozygotic twinning, if the result is monochorionic, diamniotic what structure has cleaved? zygote inner cell mass embryonic disk yolk sac
inner cell mass
27
If you have 1 chorion and 1 amnion with 2 fetuses sharing a placenta this is considered: monochorionic monoamniotic monochorionic diamniotic dichorionic diamniotic dizygotic
monochorionic monoamniotic
28
Monochorionic Twins are at risk for all of the same complications as monoamniotic twins EXCEPT: TRAP TTTS TES Cord entanglement
Cord entanglement
29
If cleavage occurs after 8 days, why will there only be one chorion? Because the blastocyst failed to form on time Because the blastocyst has already formed Because the blastocyst has not yet formed
Because the blastocyst has already formed
30
Monochorionic diamniotic means there are ___chorions and ____ amnions. 1, 2 2, 2 2, 1 1, 1
1, 2
31
If you have a zygote that splits (cleaves) then what type of zygosity results? Dizygotic Monozygotic
Monozygotic
32
One ovum fertilized by one sperm is called: Monozygotic twinning Dizygotic twinning
Monozygotic twinning
33
For spontaneous conception, _______twins are the more common zygosity. monozygotic dizygotic
dizygotic
34
Which type of twinning is the most dangerous or high risk? dizygotic monochorionic, diamniotic dichorionic, diamniotic monochorionic, monoamniotic
monochorionic, monoamniotic
35
What is selective reduction of embryos and when would it be used? elective termination of an embryo, to improve pregnancy outcome/decrease preterm birth elective termination of all embryos, to prevent birth elective termination of an embryo, to worsen pregnancy outcome/increase preterm birth
elective termination of an embryo, to improve pregnancy outcome/decrease preterm birth
36
Your patient on the schedule is down for twins. You begin the scan and see the following things. Two fetuses, one much larger than the other. One sac with polyhydramnios, one sac with oligohydramnios. The fetus in the sac with polyhydramnios appears to have ascites, pleural effusions, and pericardial effusions. What conclusion can you draw? TTTS TRAP TES
TTTS
37
In TRAP sequence if the acardiac twin continues to grow, what can this trigger? pre-term labor pre-eclampsia nothing
pre-term labor
38
In Twin Twin Transfusion Syndrome, the donor twin will develop anemia and hypovolemia. What will the amniotic fluid volume be like? If you measure the baby, what will the measurements demonstrate? oligohydramnios, IUGR polyhydramnios, IUGR oligohydramnios, large for dates polyhydramnios, large for dates
oligohydramnios, IUGR
39
In Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion, the twin that has cardiac activity is considered the ____ twin. pump acardiac
pump
40
Which complication does this describe? Thromboplastin rich blood from the dead twin travels via placental anastomoses to the live twin. TTTS TES TRAP Cord entanglement
TES
41
Why does TES have a good or bad prognosis? good prognosis, usually detected by ultrasound quickly poor prognosis, usually detected quickly by ultrasound good prognosis, unable to be detected in time by ultrasound poor prognosis, unable to be detected in time by ultrasound
poor prognosis, unable to be detected in time by ultrasound
42
In which complication does one twin die, but continue to grow by getting its blood supply from the living twin? TRAP TTTS TES
TRAP
43
In TTTS, which twin might you never see a stomach or bladder? donor recipient
donor
44
In which twinning complication will you have an acardiac twin? TTTS TES TRAP
TRAP
45
Which twinning complication is there one arterial-arterial and one venous-venous anastomosis present? TRAP TTTS TES TRAP
TRAP
46
What is serial amnioreduction? Also select what twinning complication it's a treatment for? select 2. repeated removal of large amounts of amniotic fluid by amniocentesis - to help prevent preterm delivery related to poly TTTS Answer, repeated removal of large amounts of amniotic fluid by amniocentesis - to help prevent preterm delivery related to oligo Answer, TES Answer, repeated removal of small amounts of amniotic fluid by amniocentesis - to help prevent preterm delivery related to poly
repeated removal of large amounts of amniotic fluid by amniocentesis - to help prevent preterm delivery related to poly TTTS
47
With TES, it's not necessarily an embolus that causes the issue, so what does? changes in perfusion to demised twin due to other twin survival changes in perfusion to surviving twin due to other twin demise
changes in perfusion to surviving twin due to other twin demise
48
TES is a complication that is seen a lot in what other twinning situation? TTTS Conjoined Twins TRAP TTTS Cord entanglement
TTTS
49
In Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion, which twin may demonstrate signs of cardiac failure, hydrops, and polyhydramnios? acardiac twin pump twin
pump twin

OBGYN (13 decks)

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