Fetal Brain Face and Neck Flashcards by Rexlin Sebastin

You are scanning and you find this within the fetal head: an enlarged cisterna magna, ventriculomegaly, and splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres. What is being demonstrated?

Spina Bifida

Holoprosencephaly
Dandy-Walker Malformation

Anencephaly

Dandy-Walker Malformation

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Which of the following is associated with the clover-leaf skull?

thanatophoric dysplasia

open neural tube defect

Pulmonary agenesis

Trisomy 18

thanatophoric dysplasia

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An epignathus is defined as?

A teratoma in the center of the forehead

A teratoma in the esophagus

A teratoma in the nasal cavity

A teratoma in the oropharynx

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Acrania, exencephaly and anencephaly can all be used interchangeably.

True

False

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A neural tube defect in which intracranial structures herniate through a defect in the cranium or skull base.

Spina Bifida

Cephalocele

Acrania

Anencephaly

Cephalocele

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When the head is more round than oval shaped it is termed:

Dolichocephaly

Brachycephaly

Microcephaly

Macrocephaly

Brachycephaly

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Which of the following is the most common congenital facial anomaly?

Absent nasal bridge

Macroglossia

Cleft lip/palate

Hypertelorism

Cleft lip/palate

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When spina bifida is an uncovered open defect it is termed:

Rachischisis

Meningomyelocele

Meningocele

Occulta

Rachischisis

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The CNS abnormality of the fetus that results in dilation of the 4th ventricle, elevated torcular or tentorium, and partial or complete vermian agenesis.

Dandy-Walker Malformation

Spina Bifida

Holoprosencephaly

Macrocephaly

Dandy-Walker Malformation

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Fetal goiter’s are most commonly located _____________on the neck:

posteriorly

anteriorly

laterally

anteriorly

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A complication of an epignathus would be:

Think of what an epignathus is and where it is located.

lumbar pain

esophageal atresia

difficulty swallowing

hydrops

difficulty swallowing

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Macroglossia is when the tongue is:

abnormally large

duplicated

absent

abnormally small

abnormally large

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Abnormal cleavage of the forebrain is called

Holoprosencephaly

Anencephaly

Dandy-Walker Malformation

Spina bifida

Holoprosencephaly

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Absent eyes are called:

ethmocephaly

hemifacial microsomia

microtia

anopthalmia

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Which of the following facial features are associated with holoprosencephaly?

cyclopia

none listed

midline facial cleft

ethmocephaly

all listed

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Cystic hygromas are:

Pus filled collections around the neck

Blood filled collections around the neck

Lymph filled collections around the neck

Extra thyroid tissue on the anterior neck

Lymph filled collections around the neck

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What type of appearance does the cerebellum take on in spina bifida?

Seagull shape

Strawberry shape

Dumbbell shape

Banana shape

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When the orbits are spaced abnormally wide it is called:

hypotelorism

anopthalmia

cyclopia
hypertelorism

hypertelorism

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When there is failed cranial vault development leaving brain tissue exposed leading to deterioration, and the facial structures and orbits are present this condition is called what?

Spina Bifida

Cephalocele

Anencephaly

Acrania

Anencephaly

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Hypertelorism could lead to the appearance of the eyes being fused and appearing as one, which is called cyclopia.

True

False

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Midface hypoplasia consists of which of the following?

Absent or depressed nasal bridge

Frontal bossing

Hypotelorism

Cleft lip/palate

Absent or depressed nasal bridge

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This condition is a defect that occurs along the vertebral column due to failure of the neural tube to close at the caudal end, and it is detected in 88-96% of cases.

dandy-walker malformation

acrania

anencephaly

spina bifida

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This condition has an elevated AFP in 92% of cases and a hopeless prognosis due to destruction of brain tissue.

Spina bifida

Acrania

Anencephaly

Cephalocele

Anencephaly

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When there is failed cranial vault development leaving brain tissue exposed leading to deterioration, and the facial structures and orbits are present this condition is called what?

Anencephaly

Spina Bifida

Cephalocele

Acrania

Anencephaly

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Midface hypoplasia consists of which of the following? Absent or depressed nasal bridge Cleft lip/palate Hypotelorism Frontal bossing

Absent or depressed nasal bridge

This condition is a defect that occurs along the vertebral column due to failure of the neural tube to close at the caudal end, and it is detected in 88-96% of cases. dandy-walker malformation acrania anencephaly spina bifida

spina bifida

This condition has an elevated AFP in 92% of cases and a hopeless prognosis due to destruction of brain tissue. Spina bifida Acrania Anencephaly Cephalocele

Anencephaly

When there is failed cranial vault development leaving brain tissue exposed leading to deterioration, and the facial structures and orbits are present this condition is called what? Anencephaly Spina Bifida Cephalocele Acrania

Anencephaly

Midface hypoplasia consists of which of the following? Absent or depressed nasal bridge Cleft lip/palate Hypotelorism Frontal bossing

Absent or depressed nasal bridge

Mega-cisterna magna is: >10mm cisterna magna >10cm cisterna magna <10mm cisterna magna

>10mm cisterna magna

An abnormally long and narrow skull is termed: Microcephaly Brachycephaly Macrocephaly Dolichocephaly

Dolichocephaly

Prominence of the frontal bones is termed: frontal bossing micrognathia cephalocele midface hypoplasia

frontal bossing

Cup, ball, or pancake configuration of the brain tissue is associated with which severity type of holoprosencephaly? lobar semi-lobar alobar

alobar

Cephalocele are most commonly located in which region of the skull: frontal occipital parietal

occipital

Which of the following facial features are associated with holoprosencephaly? midline facial cleft ethmocephaly all listed cyclopia none listed

all listed

A neural tube defect in which intracranial structures herniate through a defect in the cranium or skull base. Cephalocele Anencephaly Spina Bifida Acrania

Cephalocele

An epignathus is defined as? A teratoma in the oropharynx A teratoma in the nasal cavity A teratoma in the esophagus A teratoma in the center of the forehead

A teratoma in the oropharynx

When the orbits are spaced abnormally wide it is called: hypertelorism anopthalmia cyclopia hypotelorism

hypertelorism

When spina bifida is covered with skin or hair it is termed: spina bifida percret spina bifida incret spina bifida accret spina bifida occult

spina bifida occult

Cystic hygromas are: Extra thyroid tissue on the anterior neck Blood filled collections around the neck Lymph filled collections around the neck Pus filled collections around the neck

Lymph filled collections around the neck

Exencephaly is a term for what? unusual extra skull bone unprotected exposed brain tissue unusable excess brain matter

unprotected exposed brain tissue

When the head is more round than oval shaped it is termed: Brachycephaly Macrocephaly Dolichocephaly Microcephaly

Brachycephaly

Absent eyes are called: microtia ethmocephaly anopthalmia hemifacial microsomia

anopthalmia

Abnormal cleavage of the forebrain is called: Spina bifida Holoprosencephaly Anencephaly Dandy-Walker Malformation

Holoprosencephaly

Craniosynostosis means the skull will NOT be shaped like which option below? Round shape Strawberry shape Normal shape Lemon shape

Normal shape

The lens of the eye appears as a(n): Not able to be visualized Flap of tissue Echogenic circle Hypoechoic circle

Echogenic circle

The CNS abnormality of the fetus that results in dilation of the 4th ventricle, elevated torcular or tentorium, and partial or complete vermian agenesis. Holoprosencephaly Spina Bifida Macrocephaly Dandy-Walker Malformation

Dandy-Walker Malformation

Which view best demonstrates the cleft lip and palate? transverse view sagittal plane modified coronal view coronal plane

modified coronal view

This fetus has no cisterna magna that can be adequately measured, it is taken up by a very bowed cerebellum. What do you think this is? Encephalocele Spina Bifida Dandy-Walker Malformation Cephalocele

Spina Bifida

A complication of an epignathus would be: Think of what an epignathus is and where it is located. lumbar pain difficulty swallowing hydrops esophageal atresia

difficulty swallowing

Cystic hygromas are most commonly located ____________ on the neck: posteriorly anteriorly laterally

posteriorly

You are scanning a Caucasian family having a female baby and you come across this finding, what do you think it is? Goiter Cranial meningocele Teratoma of the head Acrania

Cranial meningocele

You are scanning and you find this within the fetal head: an enlarged cisterna magna, ventriculomegaly, and splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres. What is being demonstrated? Spina Bifida Anencephaly Holoprosencephaly Dandy-Walker Malformation

Dandy-Walker Malformation

Micrognathia means: large chin small chin posteriorly displaced chin small mouth

small chin

When the head is smaller than normal it is termed: Dolichocephaly Brachycephaly Macrocephaly Microcephaly

Microcephaly

Acrania, exencephaly and anencephaly can all be used interchangeably. True False

False

What type of appearance does the cerebellum take on in spina bifida? Banana shape Strawberry shape Dumbbell shape Seagull shape

Banana shape

Hypertelorism could lead to the appearance of the eyes being fused and appearing as one, which is called cyclopia. True False

False

Macroglossia is when the tongue is: abnormally small absent abnormally large duplicated

abnormally large

When spina bifida is an uncovered open defect it is termed: Meningocele Occulta Meningomyelocele Rachischisis

Rachischisis

Which of the following is associated with the clover-leaf skull? open neural tube defect Trisomy 18 thanatophoric dysplasia Pulmonary agenesis

thanatophoric dysplasia

In spina bifida the skull takes on a ______ shape. orange lemon strawberry banana

lemon

While scanning this fetus you make note that there is complete brain tissue present, but it shows abnormalities. However, there is a loss of echogenicity around the brain matter making it difficult for you to get an accurate head circumference and BPD. What is the image indicating? Anencephaly Schizencephaly Acrania Porencephaly

Acrania

Which of the following is the most common congenital facial anomaly? Hypertelorism Absent nasal bridge Macroglossia Cleft lip/palate

Cleft lip/palate

Facial clefting can extend into the soft and hard palate. True False

True

Holoprosencephaly can be caused by which of the following? select all that apply none listed chromosomal abnormalities sporadically part of a syndrome

chromosomal abnormalities part of a syndrome sporadically

Teratomas are usually located ___________: On the sacrum/coccyx area In the axilla On the abdomen On the neck

On the sacrum/coccyx area

Fetal goiter’s are most commonly located _____________on the neck: posteriorly anteriorly laterally

anteriorly