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Reproduction SB > Uterine Malignancy > Flashcards

Uterine Malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of the endometrial hyperplasia

A

simple
complex
atypical

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2
Q

what form of endometrial hyperplasia is a precursor of carcinoma

A

atypical

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3
Q

how does endometrial hyperplasia present

A

abnormal bleeding (dysfunctional uterine bleeding or postmenopausal bleeding)

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4
Q

what is the peak incidence age for endometrial carcinoma

A

50 - 60 years

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5
Q

what are the 2 types of endometrial carcinoma

A

Type 1 = Endometrioid carcinoma

Type 2 = Serous carcinoma

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6
Q

what is the precursor to Endometrioid carcinoma

A

atypical hyperplasia

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7
Q

what is the precursor to serous carcinoma

A

serous intraepithelial carcinoma

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8
Q

how does endometrial cancer typically present

A

with postmenopausal bleeding

  • scanty and occasional
  • may be associated with watery discharge
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9
Q

what cell type are most endometrial carcinomas

A

adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

what form of endometrial carcinoma is more common

A

Type 1 = endometrioid carcinoma [80%]

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11
Q

what is endometrial carcinoma related to

A

unopposed oestrogen

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12
Q

what are the risk factors that play the biggest role in Type 1

A

obesity

diabetes

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13
Q

who is more likely to get Type 2 Serous tumours

A

elderly post menopause women

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14
Q

what gene is often mutated in serous (and clear cell) tumours

A

TP53

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15
Q

what mutations are associated with Type I tumours

A

PTEN, KRAS, PIK3CA mutations

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16
Q

what is Lynch syndrome

A

cancer predisposition syndrome - high risk of colorectal, ovarian and endometrialcancer.

17
Q

what causes Lynch syndrome

A

inheritance of a defective DNA mismatch repair gene

- autosomal dominant inheritance

18
Q

how does serous type II tumours progress

A

spread along Fallopian tube mucosa and peritoneal surfaces

more aggressive than type 1

19
Q

what is serous carcinoma characterised by

A

complex papillary and/or glandular archietecture with diffuse, marked nuclear pleomorphism

20
Q

what is the stage of endometrial cancer

A

Stage I
- confined to uterus

Stage II
- tumour invades cervical stroma

Stage III
- Local and or regional tumour spread

Stage IV
- tumour invades bladder and/or bowel mucosa and/or distant mets

21
Q

what rare endometrium cancer is associated with adenomyosis and endometriosis

A

endometrial stromal sarcoma

22
Q

how does endometrial stromal sarcoma present

A

abnormal uterine bleeding + vaginal discharge in younger age group (45-50y/o)

23
Q

what is a malignant smooth muscle tumour that arises in the myometrium

A

leiomyosarcoma

Reproduction SB (30 decks)

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