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Reproduction SB > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

where is a common site for ovarian cancer

A

the cuboidal epithelium of the ovary

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2
Q

what is oogenesis

A

development of oocytes, the female germ cells from the oogonia

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3
Q

what is Folliculogenesis

A

growth of the follicle, which consists of the oocyte and any support cells

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4
Q

how is an oogonia formed

A

around week 6 of embryonic development, germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis&raquo_space; oogonia

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5
Q

how are mature oocytes made

A

oogonia undergo development and division via meiosis to form oocytes [a.k.a ova]

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6
Q

what is atresia

A

loss of oogonia and oocytes by apoptosis > cell is reabsorbed following cell death

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7
Q

what are pregranulosa cells

A

follicle cells

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8
Q

what happens if an oocyte fails to associated with a pregranulosa cells

A

it will die

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9
Q

what is the histology of pregranulosa cells

A

begin squamous

if the follicle enters growth phase, they will become cuboidal

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10
Q

what are primary follicles defined by

A

cuboidal granolas cells

- zona granulosa

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11
Q

what cells go on to form the theca in primary follicles

A

stromal cells

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12
Q

during follicular development as the oocyte engages, what forms between the oocyte and granulosa cells

A

layer of special ECM

- zona pellucida

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13
Q

what does the theca interna layer go on to do

A

secrete oestrogen precursors

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14
Q

what converts the oestrogen precursors into oestrogen

A

granolas cells

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15
Q

how is a secondary follicle formed

A

A space, called the antrum, filled with follicular fluid begins to form and enlarge in the granulosa layer

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16
Q

what are Graafian follicles

A

very largest follicles

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17
Q

what happens 1 day before ovulation

A

oocyte in the largest Graafian follicle will complete meiosis 1, but instead of producing two equal cells, it will produce one cell called a secondary oocyte

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18
Q

what does the secondary oocyte do

A

begins second phase of meiosis but will stop at metaphase II

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19
Q

when would the secondary oocyte complete meiosis

A

after it has been released (ovulation) and fertilized by a sperm

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20
Q

what happens to the follicle after ovulation

A

transforms into the corpus luteum

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21
Q

what does the corpus luteum secretes, through what cells and why is this important

A

theca and granulosa cells secreting oestrogens and progesterone

helps prepare the uterus for implantation

22
Q

what happens to the corpus luteum if no implantation occurs

A

becomes corpus albicans

23
Q

what happens to the corpus luteum if implantation occurs

A

the placenta secretes HCG which prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum&raquo_space; maintains progesterone levels,&raquo_space; maintains the pregnancy

24
Q

what are the parts of the uterine tube

A

isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum
fimbria

25
Q

what does the infundibulum of the uterine tube do

A

moves so that its opening is adjacent to the site where the follicle ruptures

26
Q

what propels the ovum down the tube

A

by gentle peristalsis and currents created by the ciliated epithelium

27
Q

where does fertilisation occurs

A

in the ampulla

28
Q

what is the ampulla composed of

A

the mucosa is folded and lined by simple columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and secretory cells.

This is surrounded by smooth muscle

29
Q

what are the 3 parts of the uterus wall

A

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

30
Q

what is the endometrium

A

inner secretory mucosa which is shed during menstruation

31
Q

what is the endometrium made up of

A

tubular secretory glands embedded in a connective tissue stroma

32
Q

what is the myometrium

A

3 layers of smooth muscle, combined with collagen and elastic tissue

33
Q

what is the perimetrium

A

outer visceral covering of loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium

34
Q

what is the endometrium divided into

A

stratum functionalis

stratum basalis

35
Q

what is the role of the stratum functionalis

A

undergoes month growth, degeneration and loss

36
Q

what is the role of the stratum basalis

A

reserve tissue that regenerates the functionalis.

37
Q

how is the thickness of the endometrium increased during the proliferative phase

A

the glands, stroma and vasculature grow

38
Q

what happens during the secretory phase in the uterus

A

glands become coiled with a corkscrew appearance and secrete glycogen.

39
Q

what happens during the menstrual phase in the uterus

A

arterioles in the functionalis undergo constriction, depriving the tissue of blood and causing ischemia, with resultant tissue breakdown, leakage of blood

40
Q

what is the cervix composed of

A

fibrous connective tissue covered by stratified squamous epithelium ON ITS VAGINAL SURFACE
BUT
transitioning to mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

41
Q

why is it important to know about the transition zone

A

common site of dysplasia and neoplastic changes leading to cervical cancer

42
Q

what is the transition zone

A

area in the cervix where the histology changes from stratified squamous epithelium TO simple columnar epithelium

43
Q

why is the epithelium of the cervix canal important

A

mucous secreting endocervical glands

  • these secretions vary from thin and water in proliferative phase
  • to thick and viscous following ovulation
44
Q

what are the 4 layers of the vagina wall

A
  1. Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Fibromuscular layer
  4. Adventita
45
Q

why is the Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. thicker during reproductive years

A

due to glycogen accumulation

46
Q

why is having glycogen in the vagina important

A

Commensal bacteria metabolize the glycogen to lactic acid which inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

47
Q

how is the vagina lubricated as it has no glands

A

mucous from the cervical glands and fluid from the thin walled blood vessels of the lamina propria

48
Q

what is mons pubis

A

skin containing hair follicles overing subcutaneous fat pad overlying the pubic symphysis

49
Q

what is labia majora

A

Extensions of mons pubis, similar structure and rich in apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands

50
Q

what is labia minora

A

hin skin folds that lack subcutaneous fat and hair follicles, but are rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands that secrete directly onto the surface of the skin

51
Q

what histology is seen in labia minora and when does it change

A

Keratinized epithelium extends into the opening of the vagina to the level of the hymen, where there is a transition to non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

52
Q

what is the clitoris

A

Contains two tubes of erectile vascular tissue (corpora cavernosa), covered by a fibrocollagenous sheath covered by skin with rich innervation and a thin epidermis.

Reproduction SB (30 decks)

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