Newborn Conditions

Question 1

what is gastroschisis

Answer 1

paraumblical defect with extrusion of abdominal contents

Question 2

where are the intestines always seen in gastroschisis

Answer 2

too the right of the umbilicus

Question 3

what is exomphalos

Answer 3

contents of the abdomen have herniated into the umbilical cord

often the liver

Question 4

Ix for gastroschisis/exomphalos

Answer 4

MSAFP - raised in both but more so gastroschisis

Ultrasonography
MRI

Question 5

Mx of gastroschisis/exomphalos

Answer 5

gastroschisis

• corrective surgery
• no air in the gut

exomphalos

• protect hernia
• corrective surgery

Question 6

what is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 6

defect in the diaphragm allowing herniation of abdominal contents into the chest

causes impaired lung development
i.e. pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary HTN

Question 7

signs of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 7

resp distress
bowel sounds in one hemithorax
feeding difficulties
abdominal distension

Question 8

what is cystic fibrosis associated with in the new born

Answer 8

meconium ileus

Question 9

what is meconium ileus

Answer 9

meconium is extremely sticky

gets stuck in the bowel and the infant is unable to pass stool

Question 10

Sx of meconium ileus

Answer 10

failure to pass stool
difficulty feeding
vomiting in first 2 days of life

distended loops of bowel

Question 11

Ix of meconium ileus

Answer 11

contrast enema

Question 12

what is malrotation

Answer 12

small intestine in the wrong place (typically found on the right hand side of the abdomen)

Question 13

main Sx of malrotation

Answer 13

bile green vomit

Question 14

Ix and Tx of malrotation

Answer 14

upper GI contrast

surgery

Question 15

what artery supplies the midgut

Answer 15

superior mesenteric artery

Question 16

what is atresia

Answer 16

there is not a connection between one end of the intestine to the other

Question 17

what is the most common form of atresia

Answer 17

jejunal atresia

Question 18

what is the mnemonic to remember teratology of fallot

Answer 18

PROVe

Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Over-riding aorta
Ventricular septal defect

Question 19

what is transposition of great arteries (TGA)

Answer 19

pulmonary artery and the aorta are swapped over

pulmonary artery is joined to the left ventricle and the aorta to the right ventricle

Question 20

Sx of TGA

Answer 20

cyanosis
CCF
Systolic murmur

Question 21

what can be seen on CXR of TGA

Answer 21

egg shaped heart

Question 22

what can be heard in coarctation of the aorta

Answer 22

systolic murmur at the left sternal edge

Question 23

what is seen on CXR of coarctation of the aorta

Answer 23

rib notching

Question 24

what does coarctation of the aorta cause in relation to feeling the pulses

Answer 24

radial-femoral delay

Question 25

Sx of coarctation of the aorta

Answer 25

increased BP in arms
epistaxis
decreased blood to legs = cold legs, diminished pulses
heart failure
failure to thrive

Question 26

what is potter syndrome

Answer 26

typical physical appearance and pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios (lack of amniotic fluid) and compression while in the uterus

Question 27

what can cause oligohydramnios

Answer 27

renal failure

Question 28

what is hydroceles

Answer 28

fluid filled sac around the testes

Question 29

Mx of hydroceles

Answer 29

most go away on there own after a few months

after 2 years would consider surgery