Newborn Conditions Flashcards
what is gastroschisis
paraumblical defect with extrusion of abdominal contents
where are the intestines always seen in gastroschisis
too the right of the umbilicus
what is exomphalos
contents of the abdomen have herniated into the umbilical cord
often the liver
Ix for gastroschisis/exomphalos
MSAFP - raised in both but more so gastroschisis
Ultrasonography
MRI
Mx of gastroschisis/exomphalos
gastroschisis
- corrective surgery
- no air in the gut
exomphalos
- protect hernia
- corrective surgery
what is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia
defect in the diaphragm allowing herniation of abdominal contents into the chest
causes impaired lung development
i.e. pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary HTN
signs of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
resp distress
bowel sounds in one hemithorax
feeding difficulties
abdominal distension
what is cystic fibrosis associated with in the new born
meconium ileus
what is meconium ileus
meconium is extremely sticky
gets stuck in the bowel and the infant is unable to pass stool
Sx of meconium ileus
failure to pass stool
difficulty feeding
vomiting in first 2 days of life
distended loops of bowel
Ix of meconium ileus
contrast enema
what is malrotation
small intestine in the wrong place (typically found on the right hand side of the abdomen)
main Sx of malrotation
bile green vomit
Ix and Tx of malrotation
upper GI contrast
surgery
what artery supplies the midgut
superior mesenteric artery
what is atresia
there is not a connection between one end of the intestine to the other
what is the most common form of atresia
jejunal atresia
what is the mnemonic to remember teratology of fallot
PROVe
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Over-riding aorta
Ventricular septal defect
what is transposition of great arteries (TGA)
pulmonary artery and the aorta are swapped over
pulmonary artery is joined to the left ventricle and the aorta to the right ventricle
Sx of TGA
cyanosis
CCF
Systolic murmur
what can be seen on CXR of TGA
egg shaped heart
what can be heard in coarctation of the aorta
systolic murmur at the left sternal edge
what is seen on CXR of coarctation of the aorta
rib notching
what does coarctation of the aorta cause in relation to feeling the pulses
radial-femoral delay
Sx of coarctation of the aorta
increased BP in arms epistaxis decreased blood to legs = cold legs, diminished pulses heart failure failure to thrive
what is potter syndrome
typical physical appearance and pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios (lack of amniotic fluid) and compression while in the uterus
what can cause oligohydramnios
renal failure
what is hydroceles
fluid filled sac around the testes
Mx of hydroceles
most go away on there own after a few months
after 2 years would consider surgery
