usmle- anatomy- embryology Flashcards
1
Q
1st pharyngeal groove
A
external auditory meatus
2
Q
corpus cavernosus
corpus spongiosum
gland and body of penis
A
phallus
3
Q
scrotum
A
labioscrotal swelling
4
Q
urinary bladder
urethra
prostate gland
bulbourethral gland
A
urogenital sinus
5
Q
testes
seminiferous tubules
rete testes
A
gonads
6
Q
ventral part of penis
A
urogenital folds
7
Q
gubernaculum testes
A
gubernaculum
8
Q
epididymis
ductus deferens
seminal vesicles
ejaculatory duct
A
mesonephric duct
9
Q
which PG maintains a PDA
A
PGE
indomethacin, catecholamines and ACh promote closures
10
Q
when does the primitive gut herniate out in the embryo
when does it go back in
A
wk 6
wk 10
11
Q
what results when the palanting prominences fail to fuse w/ the other side
A
cleft palate
12
Q
what is the term for a direct connection between the intestine and the external environment through the umbnilicus
A
vitelline fistula (persistance of the vitelline duct)
13
Q
where do primordial germ cells arise
A
wall of yolk sac
14
Q
5-alpha-reductase deficiency
A
male pseudo-hermaphrodism
(individuals are XY)
-> testicular tissue and stunted male external genitalia
15
Q
when does the intraembryonic coelom form
A
wk 3
16
Q
cerebral hemispheres
A
proencephalon
17
Q
midbrain
A
mesencephalon
18
Q
cerebellum
A
rhombencephalon
19
Q
medulla
A
rhombencephalon
20
Q
diencephalon
A
proencephalon
21
Q
metencephalon
A
rhombencephalon
22
Q
telencephalon
A
proencephalon
23
Q
thalamus
A
proencephalon
24
Q
pons
A
rhombhencephalon
25
eye
proencephalon (diencephalon)
26
myelencephalon
rhombencephalon
27
pineal gland
proencephalon (diencephalon)
28
cerebral aqueduct
mesencephalon
29
neurohypophysis
proencephalon(diencephalon)
30
3rd ventricle
proencephalon
31
hypothalamus
proencephalon
| diencephalon
32
lateral ventricles
proencephalon
33
what malignant tumor of the trophoblast causes high levels of hCG and may occur after a hydatidiform mole, abortion, or normal pregnancy
gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN)
| choriocarcinoma
34
how many oogonia are present at birth
none (not formed until puberty)
35
what right to left shunt occurs when the aorta opens into the righ ventricle and the pulmonary trunk upens into the left ventricle
transposition of the great vessels (failure of aorticopulmonary septum to grow in a spiral)
36
left umbilical vein remnant
ligamentum teres
37
foramen ovale remnant
fossa ovale
38
right and left umbilical arteries remnants
medial umbilical ligaments
39
ductus arteriosus ligament
ligamentum arteriosum
40
ductus venosus remnant
ligamentum venosum
41
mandibular hypoplasia, down-slanted palpebral fissures, colobomas, malformed ears, zygomatic hypoplasi are commonly seen in what pharyngeal arch 1 abnormality
Treacher Collins Syndrome
42
tetrology of fallot
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Over-riding aorta
Ventricular septal defect
(PROVe)
43
external urethra opening onto the ventral surface of the penis
hypospadia
44
```
CN of the
1st pharyngeal arch?
2nd?
3rd?
4th and 6th?
```
V
VII
IX
X
45
failure of neural crest cells to migrate to myenteric plexus of sigmoid colon and rectum
hirschsprungs
46
pharyngeal pouch 3 and 4 failure
DiGeorge's
47
what embryonic structure, around day 19, tells the ectoderm above it to differentiate into neural tissue
notochord
48
are membranous septal defects interventricular or interatrial
interventricular
49
pharyngeal pouch and groove in a pharyngeal fistula
2nd
50
hCG in blood?
| in urine?
day 8
| day 10
51
pharnygeal pouch derivatives
```
1- middle ear
2- palantine tonsil
3- inferior parathyroid and
thymus
4- superior parathyroid
```
M PITS
52
true or false, in females meiosis II is incomplete until fertilization takes place
true
53
what derives from preotic somites
internal eye muscles
54
jaundice
white stools
dark urine
extrahepatic biliary atresia due to biliary duct occlusion secondary to incomplete recanalization
55
what hormone produced by the synctiotrophoblast stimulates the production of progesterone by the corpus luteum
hCG
56
how many sperm are produced by one type B spermatagonium
4
57
all primary oocytes in females are formed by what age?
5th month
58
ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
truncus arteriosus
59
sinus venaru
coronary sinus
oblique vein of left atrium
sinus venosus
60
right and left ventricles
primitive ventricle
61
aortic vestibule and conus arteriosus
bulbus cordis
62
right and left atruim
primitive atrium
63
after a longstanding left-to-right shunt reverses, causing cyanosis, and becomnes a right-to-left shunt, what is it called
Eisenmenger's syndrome
64
true or false?
| thyroid from foregut?
true
65
collecting duct
calyces
renal pelvis
ureter
mesonephric duct
66
urinary bladder and urethra
urogenital sinus
67
external genitalia
phallus
urogenital folds
labioscrotal swellings
68
nephrons, kidney
metanephros
69
median umbilical ligament
urachus
70
epithelial lining of urinary bladder and urethra are __gut derivatives
hindgut
71
projective NONbilious vomiting
| and a small knot at the right costal margin (olive sign)
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis due to hypertrophy of muscularis externa
72
separation of 46 chromosomes without splitting of the centromeres occurs during what phase of meiosis
Meiosis I
73
blood and its vessels form during what embryonic week
wk 3
74
glans clitoris
corpus cavernosus
spongiosum
phallus
75
gartner's duct
mesonephric duct
76
ovary, follicles, rete ovarri
gonads
77
uterine tube
uterus
cevix
upper third of vagina
paramesonphric ducts
78
labia majora
labioscrotal swelling
79
labia minora
urogenital folds
80
ovarian and round ligaments
gubernaculum
81
urinary bladder, urethra, greater vestubular glands, vagina
urogenital sinus
82
what direction does the primitive gut rotate
clockwise around the superior mesenteric artery
83
preeclampsia in first trimester
hCG levels >100,000
enlarged bleeding uterus
hydatiform mole
84
when does the foramen ovale close
just after birth
85
at ovulation, in what stage of meiosis II is the secondary oocyte arrested
metaphase II
86
failed recanalizationof the duodenum resulting in polyhydramnios, bile-containing vomitus, and a distended stomach
duodenal atresia
87
what remains patent in a hydrocele of the testis, allowing peritoneal fluid to form into a cyst
patent processus vaginalis
88
respiratory system is derived from the ventral wall of the foregut- true or false?
true
89
failure of the allantois to close
patent urachus- urachal fistula
90
prochordal plate derivative
mouth
91
only organ supplied by the foregut artery that is of mesodermal origin
spleen
92
tumor derived form primative streak remnants and often contains bone, hair, or other tissue types
sacrococcygeal teratoma
93
two pathologic conditions occur when the gut does not return to the embryo?
omphalocele
and
gastroschisis
94
true or false- for implantation to occur, the zona pellucida must degenerate?
true- it degenerates 4-5 days post fertilization and implantation happens day 7
95
what results when the maxillary prominence fails to fuse with the medial nasal prominence
cleft lip
96
what is the direction of growth for the primitive streak?
caudal to rostral
97
during what embryonic week do somites begin to form
wk 3
98
what embryonic week sees the formation of the notochord and the neural tube
third week
99
what right-to-left shunt occurs when only one vessel receives blood from both the right and left ventricle
persistant truncus arteriosus
100
what forms the chorion
cytotrophoblast
syncytiotrophoblast
extraembryonic mesoderm
