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USMLE > Autonomics Pharm FA > Flashcards

Autonomics Pharm FA Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bethanecol (class and application)

A

direct cholinomimetic, postop and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention;

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2
Q

Bethanecol (class and action)

A

direct cholinomimetic; Activates Bowel and Bladder smooth muscle; resistant to AChE

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3
Q

Carbachol (class and application)

A

direct cholinomimetic, glaucoma,

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4
Q

Carbachol (class and action)

A

direct cholinomimetic, activates ciliary muscle of the eye (open angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (narrow angle); resistant to ACHE

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5
Q

pilocarpine (class, application)

A

direct cholinomimetic, glaucoma,

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6
Q

pilocarpine (class, action)

A

direct cholinomimetic, activates ciliary muscle of the eye (open angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (narrow angle); resistant to ACHE

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7
Q

Neostigmine (class, application)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); postop and nuerogenic ileus and urinary retention, myesthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade (postop)

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8
Q

Neostigmine (class, action)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); increased endogenous Ach

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9
Q

Pyridostigmine (class, application)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); myesthenia gravis

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10
Q

Pyridostigmine (class, action)

A

indirect chlinomimetic (anticholinesterase); increased endogenous Ach; increased strength

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11
Q

Edrophonium (class, application)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); dx of myesthenia gravis (very short acting)

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12
Q

Edrophonium (class, action)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); increased endogenous Ach

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13
Q

Physostigmine (class, application)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); glaucoma (crosses BBB) and atropine overdose

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14
Q

Physostigmine (class, action)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anitcholinesterase); increased endogenous Ach

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15
Q

Echothiophate (class, application)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); glaucoma

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16
Q

Echothiophate (class, action)

A

indirect cholinomimetic (anticholinesterase); increased endogenous Ach

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17
Q

Symptoms of Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning

A

DUMB BELSS - Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating and Salivation (also abdominal cramping)

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18
Q

What are parathion and organophosphates?

A

cholinesterase inhibitors that are likely to poison you

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19
Q

What is the antidote to cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?

A

atropine (muscarinic antag) plus pralidoxime (chem antagonist used to regenerate active cholinesterase)

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20
Q

Atropine (class, site of action, application)

A

Cholinoreceptor blocker (muscarinic antag); Eye, produce mydriasis and cycloplegia

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21
Q

tropicamide (class, site of action, application)

A

Cholinoreceptor blocker; Eye, produce mydriasis and cycloplegia

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22
Q

Benztropine (class, site of action, application)

A

cholinoreceptor blocker; CNS; Parkinson’s

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23
Q

Scopolamine (class, site of action, application)

A

Cholinoreceptor blocker; CNS; Motion Sickness

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24
Q

Ipratropium (class, site of action, application)

A

Cholinoreceptor blocker; Respiratory; Asthma, COPD

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25
Q

Methscopolamine (class, site of action, application)

A

Cholinoreceptor blocker; Genitourinary; Reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms

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26
Q

oxbutin (class, site of action, application)

A

Cholinoreceptor blocker; Genitourinary; Reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms

27
Q

Glycopyrrolate (class, site of action, application)

A

Cholinoreceptor blocker; Genitourinary; Reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms

28
Q

Actions of Atropine

A

Blocks SLUD (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation) also pupil dilation and cycloplegia

29
Q

ADR of Atropine

A

hot as a hare, dry as a bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter. Also rapid pulse, constipation. Can cause glaucoma in elderly, urinary retention in BPH pts, and hyperthermia in infants

30
Q

Hexamethonium (MOA and application)

A

Nicotinic Ach receptor antagonist; ganglionic blocker, prevents vagal reflex responses to changes in BP (for experimental models)

31
Q

Epinephrine (class, selectivity, applications)

A

catecholamine, direct general agonist (a1, a2, b1, b2), anaphylaxis, glaucoma (open angle), asthma, hypotension

32
Q

NE (class, selectivity, applications)

A

catecholamine, a1, a2, b1; hypotension (but decreased renal perfusion)

33
Q

Isoproterenol (class, selectivity, applications)

A

catecholamine, b1 = b2; AV block (rare)

34
Q

Dopamine (class, selectivity, applications)

A

catecholamine, D1 = D2 > b > a, shock (increased renal perfusion), heart failure

35
Q

Dobutamine (class, selectivity, applications)

A

catecholamine, b1 > b2, shock, heart failure

36
Q

Amphetamine (class, selectivity, applications)

A

sympathomimetic, indirect general agonist (releases stored catecholamines); narcolepsy, obesity, ADD

37
Q

Ephedrine (class, selectivity, applications)

A

sympathomimetic, indirect general agonist (releases stored catecholamines); nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension

38
Q

Phenylephrine (class, selectivity, applications)

A

sympathomimetic, a1 > a2, pupil dilator, vasoconstriction, nasal decongestion

39
Q

Albuterol (class, selectivity, applications)

A

sympathomimetic, b2 > b1, asthma

40
Q

Terbutaline (class, selectivity, applications)

A

sympathomimetic, b2 > b1, asthma

41
Q

Cocaine (class, selectivity, applications)

A

sympathomimetic, indirect general agonist (uptake inhibitor), causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia

42
Q

Clonidine (class, selectivity, applications)

A

sympathomimetic, centrally acting a-agonist, decreased central adrenergic outflow; hypertension, especially with renal dz (no decreas in renal perfusion)

43
Q

a-methyldopa (class, selectivity, applications)

A

sympathomimetic, centrally acting a-agonist, decreased central adrenergic outflow; hypertension, especially with renal dz (no decreas in renal perfusion)

44
Q

Phenoxybenzamine (class, application, toxicity)

A

nonselective, irreversible a-blocker, pheochromocytoma; tox: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia

45
Q

Phentolamine (class, application, toxicity)

A

nonselective, reversible a-blocker; pheochromocytoma, tox: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia

46
Q

Prazosin (class, application, toxicity)

A

a1 blocker; HTN, urinary retention in BPH; tox: 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, HA

47
Q

Terazosin (class, application, toxicity)

A

a1 blocker; HTN, urinary retention in BPH; tox: 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, HA

48
Q

Doxazosin (class, application, toxicity)

A

a1 blocker; HTN, urinary retention in BPH; tox: 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, HA

49
Q

Mirtazapine (class, application, toxicity)

A

a2 blocker; Depression; tox: sedation, increased serum cholesterol, increased appetite

50
Q

How do beta blockers work to treat HTN?

A

decreased cardiac output, decreased renin secretion

51
Q

How do beta blockers work to treat angina?

A

decreased HR and CTY, resulting in decreased O2 consumption

52
Q

How do beta blockers work to treat MI?

A

beta blockers decrease mortality

53
Q

How do beta blockers work to treat SVT? Which ones?

A

decreased AV conduction velocity (propanolol, esmolol)

54
Q

How do beta blockers work to treat CHF?

A

slows progression of chronic failure

55
Q

How do beta blockers work to treat glaucoma (which one)?

A

decreased secretion of aqueous humor (timolol)

56
Q

What are the toxicities of beta blockers?

A

impotence, exacerbation of asthma, CV (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS (sedation, sleep alterations), use w/caution in DM

57
Q

Which beta blockers are partial agonsists?

A

pindolol, labetolol

58
Q

Which beta blockers are b1 selective?

A

A BEAM (Acebutolol Betaxolol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol

59
Q

MOA of Epi for glaucoma? Side effects?

A

a-agonist, increased outflow of aqueous humor; ADR: mydriasis, stinging, NOT FOR CLOSED ANGLE

60
Q

MOA of Brimonidine for glaucoma? Side effects?

A

a-agonist, decreased aqueous humor synth; no visual adr

61
Q

MOA of beta blockers in glaucoma? Side effects?

A

decreased aqueous humor secretion; no visual adr

62
Q

MOA of acetazolamide for glaucoma? Adr?

A

decreased aqueous humor secretion due to decreased HCO3- (via CA inhibition); no visual adr

63
Q

MOA of cholinomimetics for glaucoma? Adr? (name some)

A

increased outflow of aqueous humor; contract ciliary muscle and open trabecular network; ADR: miosis, cyclospasm (pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate)

64
Q

MOA of latanoprost in glaucoma? Adr?

A

PGF2alpha agonist, increases outflow of aqueous humor; ADR: darkens color of iris

USMLE (13 decks)

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