USES AND SIDE EFFECTS OF MAJOR PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS Flashcards
TCAs
imipramine/Tofranil* clomipramine/Anafranil** amitriptyline/Elavil, Endep doxepin/Adapin, Sinequan
Major Depressive Disorder, Dysthymic Disorder, enuresis*, OCD**, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, chronic pain
anticholinergic effects, gastrointestinal symptoms, impaired sexual functioning, drowsiness, weight gain, confusion and memory impairment (especially in older adults), and cardiovascular effects; toxic in overdose
SSRIs
fluoxetine/Prozac paroxetine/Paxil sertraline/Zoloft citalopram/Celexa fluvoxamine/Luvox
Major Depressive Disorder, Dysthymic Disorder, OCD, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, binge eating, premature ejaculation
nausea, loss of appetite, impaired sexual functioning, dizziness, agitation, headaches, and insomnia; combining an SSRI with a TCA, MAOI, or other drug that increases level of serotonin can cause serotonin syndrome
MAOIs
phenelzine/Nardil tranylcypromine/Parnate isocaraboxazid/Marplan
Major Depressive Disorder with Atypical Features
anticholinergic effects, nausea, weight gain, dizziness, sedation or insomnia, tremor, tachycardia, and impaired sexual functioning; combining an MAOI with certain drugs or with foods containing the amino acid tyramine can cause a potentially fatal hypertensive crisis
Lithium
lithium carbonate/Eskalith, Lithonat lithium citrate/Cibalith
Bipolar Disorder
nausea, diarrhea, a metallic taste in the mouth, weight gain, fine hand tremor, fatigue, and mild cognitive impairment; a high dose can cause lithium toxicity
Mood Stabilizers: Anti-Seizure Drugs
carbamazepine/Tegretol valproic acid/Depakote, Depakene topiramate/Topamax
Bipolar Disorder
nausea and vomiting, lethargy, tremor, ataxia, and visual disturbances; carbamazepine can cause agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, or liver failure
Traditional Antipsychotics
chlorpromazine/Thorazine thioridazine/Mellaril haloperidol/Haldol* pimozide/Orap*
Schizophrenia, psychotic symptoms associated with other disorders, acute mania, Tourette’s Disorder*
anticholinergic effects, tardive dyskinesia and other extrapyramidal side effects, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Atypical Antipsychotics
clozapine/Clozaril risperidone/Risperdal olanzapine/Zyprexa ariprazole/Abilify
Schizophrenia, psychotic symptoms associated with other disorders
anticholinergic effects, sedation, weight gain, and, neuroleptic malignant syndrome; clozapine can cause agranulocytosis
Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines
diazepam/Valium alprazolam/Xanax clonazepam/Klonopin lorazepam/Ativan triazolam/Halcion chlordiazepoxide/Librium
Anxiety, insomnia, muscle spasms, seizures, moderate to severe alcohol withdrawal
drowsiness and sedation, motor disturbances, cognitive impairment, anticholinergic effects, sexual dysfunction, confusion and disorientation (older adults), and paradoxical anxiety and aggression; chronic use results in dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms
Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics: Barbiturates
thiopental/Pentothal* amobarbital/Amytal** secobarbital/Seconal***
General anesthetic, acute management of agitation, insomnia
drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, ataxia, cognitive impairment, and paradoxical excitement; regular use leads to dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms; combining a barbiturate and alcohol can be lethal because the combination produces a potentiating effect
Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics: Azaspirones
buspirone/BuSpar
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
dizziness and light-headedness, nausea, and headache
Narcotic-Analgesics
oxycodone/Percodan, Oxycontin hydrocodone/Vicodin meperidine/Demerol methadone/Dolophine, Methadose*
Preoperative medication, acute or chronic pain, heroin detoxification*
dry mouth, nausea, pupil constriction, hypotension, cough suppression, sexual dysfunction, and respiratory depression; chronic use leads to dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms
Psychostimulants
methylphenidate/Ritalin, Concerta pemoline/Cylert amphetamine/Adderall
ADHD, Narcolepsy
insomnia, decreased appetite, weight loss, stomachaches, and dysphoric mood; may cause growth suppression in children
Beta-Blockers
propranolol/Inderal
Hypertension, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Essential Tremor, Migraine, physical symptoms of anxiety
bradycardia, hypotension, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, nausea, vision changes, dizziness, and depression; abrupt withdrawal may cause headaches, muscle tremors, confusion, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, and other serious symptoms
Anti-Alcohol Drugs
disulfiram/Antabuse naltrexone/ReVia, Vivitrol
Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
drowsiness, skin rash, headache, restlessness, impotence, blood dyscrasias, and a metallic or garlic taste in the mouth (disulfiram); stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache, and joint and muscle pain (naltrexone)
