User Engagement

Question 1

What is the difference between usability and user experience?

Answer 1

• Usability: access whether user interface is easy to use and meets requirements
• User experience: understand the deeper, personal, experience of the user

Question 2

What is flow?

Answer 2

State of holistic sensation that people feel when they act with total involvement, feel at their best, perform at their best - or optimal experience

Question 3

What is the most important feature of flow?

Answer 3

Challenge-skill balance

Flow is high challenge and high skill

Question 4

What is anxiety on the challenge-skill balance?

Answer 4

High challenge and low skill

Question 5

What is apathy on the challenge-skill balance?

Answer 5

Low challenge and low skill

Question 6

What is boredom/relaxation on the challenge-skill balance?

Answer 6

Low challenge and high skill

Question 7

What do we study with flow?

Answer 7

• The ‘antecedent’ factors of an engaging experience
• The nature of an engaging experience
• What consequences of an engaging experience

Question 8

What is the PAT model ?

Answer 8

In computer-related activities the likelihood of an optimal experience (flow) depends on the interplay between person, artifact, and task.

Question 9

What contributes to the likelihood of flow with a person?

Answer 9

• Trait (media & literacy, skills)

- State (mood, motivation, arousal)

Question 10

What are artefact characteristics that contributes to the likelihood of flow?

Answer 10

• Aesthetics
• Playfulness
• Vividness
• Speed of feedback

Question 11

What are task characteristics that may enhance the likelihood of flow?

Answer 11

• Goal-oriented (vs. exploratory) tasks
• Autonomy
• Variety
• Appropriate level of complexity

Question 12

What is operationalization when designing products?

Answer 12

Converting (fuzzy) concepts into empirical measures

Question 13

What is the model of stages of engagement?

Answer 13

Interface assessment Physical interaction

–> absorption –> digital outreach

Question 14

What is point of engagement in the stages of engagement model?

Answer 14

Interface assessment and physical interaction in the model

Question 15

What is deeper engagement in the stages of engagement model?

Answer 15

Absorption in the model

Question 16

What is behavioral outcome in the stages of engagement model?

Answer 16

digital outreach in the model

Question 17

What is absorption?

Answer 17

Deep involvement with a task and its content, (almost) complete attentional focus on the mediated environment.

–> Measure with questionnaire but complement with more objective measures

Question 18

What are objective measures for absorption, engagement and flow?

Answer 18

• (Psycho)physiological outcomes
• Skin conductance
• Heart rate
• Pupil dilation
• Electromygraphy

Let people play a simply game and vary difficulty level

Question 19

What is the pfeifer inverted U function?

Answer 19

• Not too little arousal
• Not too much arousal

Performance vs stress.

Question 20

What is too little performance and too little stress in the inverted U function?

Answer 20

Bore-out

Question 21

What is not a lot of performance and some stress in the inverted U function?

Answer 21

Boredom

Question 22

What is high level of performance and some stress in the inverted U function?

Answer 22

Flow

Question 23

What is some level of performance and quite a lot of stress in the inverted u function?

Answer 23

Stress

Question 24

What is too little performance and too much stress in the inverted u function?

Answer 24

Burn-out

Question 25

What are knowledge gaps in the flow/engagement research?

Answer 25

• We need in-depth understanding of antecedents of flow/engagement
• We need better metrics for capturing deliberate user actions (that tell us something about users’ engagement with interface and content)
• We need to complement the subjective measures with online behavioral/physiological measures of engagement/flow