User Engagement Flashcards
What is the difference between usability and user experience?
- Usability: access whether user interface is easy to use and meets requirements
- User experience: understand the deeper, personal, experience of the user
What is flow?
State of holistic sensation that people feel when they act with total involvement, feel at their best, perform at their best - or optimal experience
What is the most important feature of flow?
Challenge-skill balance
Flow is high challenge and high skill
What is anxiety on the challenge-skill balance?
High challenge and low skill
What is apathy on the challenge-skill balance?
Low challenge and low skill
What is boredom/relaxation on the challenge-skill balance?
Low challenge and high skill
What do we study with flow?
- The ‘antecedent’ factors of an engaging experience
- The nature of an engaging experience
- What consequences of an engaging experience
What is the PAT model ?
In computer-related activities the likelihood of an optimal experience (flow) depends on the interplay between person, artifact, and task.
What contributes to the likelihood of flow with a person?
- Trait (media & literacy, skills)
- State (mood, motivation, arousal)
What are artefact characteristics that contributes to the likelihood of flow?
- Aesthetics
- Playfulness
- Vividness
- Speed of feedback
What are task characteristics that may enhance the likelihood of flow?
- Goal-oriented (vs. exploratory) tasks
- Autonomy
- Variety
- Appropriate level of complexity
What is operationalization when designing products?
Converting (fuzzy) concepts into empirical measures
What is the model of stages of engagement?
Interface assessment Physical interaction
–> absorption –> digital outreach
What is point of engagement in the stages of engagement model?
Interface assessment and physical interaction in the model
What is deeper engagement in the stages of engagement model?
Absorption in the model
What is behavioral outcome in the stages of engagement model?
digital outreach in the model
What is absorption?
Deep involvement with a task and its content, (almost) complete attentional focus on the mediated environment.
–> Measure with questionnaire but complement with more objective measures
What are objective measures for absorption, engagement and flow?
- (Psycho)physiological outcomes
- Skin conductance
- Heart rate
- Pupil dilation
- Electromygraphy
Let people play a simply game and vary difficulty level
What is the pfeifer inverted U function?
- Not too little arousal
- Not too much arousal
Performance vs stress.
What is too little performance and too little stress in the inverted U function?
Bore-out
What is not a lot of performance and some stress in the inverted U function?
Boredom
What is high level of performance and some stress in the inverted U function?
Flow
What is some level of performance and quite a lot of stress in the inverted u function?
Stress
What is too little performance and too much stress in the inverted u function?
Burn-out
What are knowledge gaps in the flow/engagement research?
- We need in-depth understanding of antecedents of flow/engagement
- We need better metrics for capturing deliberate user actions (that tell us something about users’ engagement with interface and content)
- We need to complement the subjective measures with online behavioral/physiological measures of engagement/flow
