Motivation & Emotion Flashcards
What is motivation?
- Condition that energizes behavior (effort, internal force) and gives direction
- It is often experienced as conscious desire but can remain subconscious
- Often controllable by a conscious choice
- Influenced by multiple factors, both internal and external
What is the instinct theory of William James of motivation?
- Certain behaviors are completely determined by innate biological factors
- Instinct is a term used in ethology in the sense of fixed action patterns of species (e.g. bird migration)
- E.g. curiosity, maternal instinct
What is the drive theory of Hull&Spence of motivation?
- People are driven by biological drives or Neds, the goal is drive reduction
- Homeostasis: organisms seek a balanced condition of the body
- Similar to a thermostat
What is the psychodynamic theory of Sigmund Freud of motivation?
- Motivation arises from unconscious desire
- Sex, aggression, mental illness
Explain Maslows hierarchy of needs?
- Self-actualization: achieving one’s full potential, including creative activities
- Esteem needs: prestige feeling of accomplishments
- Belongingness and love needs: intimate relationships friends
- Safety needs: Security, safety
- Physiological needs: food, water, warmth, rest.
- Wi-FI?
- Battery-life?
Which two motivation types do you have?
- Intrinsic motivation
- Extrinsic motivation
What is intrinsic motivation?
the desire to engage in an activity for its own sake rather than for some external consequences. The activity itself is the rewards
What is extrinsic motivation?
The desire to engage in an activity to achieve/avoid an external consequence, such as reward/punishment/threat/compensation. Disappears when external trigger is removed.
What is over justification in motivation?
Occurs when a reward is given without regard for quality of performance
Intrinsic motivation turns into extrinsic
What is internalization of extrinsic motivation?
Extrinsic motivation turns into intrinsic motivation.
For example: your employer helps stir up your intrinsic motivation by providing extrinsic motivation
What is the self-determination theory of Ryan & Deci of motivation?
Three intrinsic human needs:
- need for autonomy: agency, control
- Need for competence: challenge and feelings of mastery
- Need for relatedness: maintaining close and meaningful relationships
Psychological well-being decent on satisfaction of these 3 needs.
What is the uses and gratifications theory of Katz et al. of motivation?
Conscious process, people are aware of their needs
Of what three needs does the gratifications theory of Katz et al. exists of?
- cognitive needs
- Affective needs
- Social-interaction needs
What are cognitive needs?
Need for knowledge, information, etc.
What are affective needs?
mood management, recreation, entertainment, escapism