Use of biological resources

Question 1

Why do greenhouses increase crop yield?

Answer 1

Keeps disease and pests away
Artificial light
Keeps plants warm
Control Co2 concentration
More Photosynthesis=bigger yield

Question 2

What are fertilisers used for?

Answer 2

So plants have enough nutrients

Question 3

What are pesticides used for?

Answer 3

Killing pests to stop them eating plants

Are toxic so only little used

Question 4

What’s biological control?

Answer 4

Introducing a predator to kill of pests

Long lasting but can cause other problems

Question 5

What’s fermentation?

Answer 5

Microorganisms break down sugars to release energy by anaerobic respiration

Question 6

How’s yoghurt made?

Answer 6

Equipment sterilised
Milk is pasteurised and cooled
Lactobacillus bacteria is added, it’s incubated in a fermenter
Bacteria ferment lactic sugar, creating lactic acid
Flavours are added then it’s packaged

Question 7

What do fermenters do?

Answer 7

Allows microorganisms to reproduce and grow in best conditions giving the best yield

Question 8

How to fermenters get the best yield?

Answer 8

Lots of nutrients in medium
Optimum ph
Optimum temperature
Paddles move culture around
Optimum oxygen concentration
Unwanted microorganisms sterilised and killed

Question 9

How’s yeast turned into beer?

Answer 9

Barley grains undergo malting
malted grain is mashed up with water
Hops added to give flavour
Yeast ferments solution
Yeast killed off due to alcohol
Pasteurised and served

Question 10

How to measure the respiration rate of yeast in different temperatures?

Answer 10

See how much Co2 produced using the water bath method

Question 11

What’s selective breeding?

Answer 11

Mating the best organisms to get the best offspring

Question 12

Why is selective breeding done in animals?

Answer 12

Better milk production
More reproductive
Combing good characteristics

Question 13

Benefits of fish farming in cages?

Answer 13

Protects fish from predator
Given a controlled diet
They can be selectively bred

Question 14

Negatives of fish farming in cages?

Answer 14

Fish are prone to disease and parasites

To stop this pesticides are used which cause polloution

Question 15

Why are fish farmed in tanks?

Answer 15

Ph and oxygen level monitored
Food monitored
Water is filtered

Question 16

How are enzymes used to cut up DNA or join DNA together?

Answer 16

Restriction Enzymes recognise specific sequences of DNA and cut the DNA at these points

Ligase enzymes join the pieces back together

This is know as recombinant DNA

Question 17

What’s a vector?

Answer 17

Something used to transfer DNA into a cell

Question 18

What are the 2 types of vectors?

Answer 18

Plasmids

Viruses

Question 19

What’s a plasmid?

Answer 19

Molecules of DNA which can be transferred between bacteria

Question 20

Why are viruses a vector?

Answer 20

They insert DNA into the organisms they infect

Question 21

How does genetic engineering work?

Answer 21

DNA you want to insert and the vector DNA are cut upon using restriction enzymes
They are then mixed together using ligase enzymes, making recombinant DNA
The recombinant DNA is added to the required cells
These cells can make the protein you want

Question 22

What’s a transgenic cell?

Answer 22

A cell which contains genes from another species

Question 23

Benefits of genetically modified plants?

Answer 23

More productive

Insect resistant so no pesticide

Question 24

Negatives of genetically modified plants?

Answer 24

Could affect food chains
Could affect human health
Genes may get out into the wild

Question 25

What’s micro propagation?

Answer 25

Cutting from plants are grown in petri dishes with the right nutrients then planted in soil

Question 26

How’s cloning an adult mammal done?

Answer 26

Cell nucleus from grown animal placed in an egg cells, then shocked to trigger meiosis, placed in Uterus

Question 27

Advantages to cloning?

Answer 27

Animals that produce medicine in their milk could be cloned

Animals that have organs that could be transplanted can be cloned

Farmers don’t have to wait till breeding season, infertile animals can also be cloned

Question 28

Disadvantages to cloning?

Answer 28

Animals not as healthy

Consequences were not aware of

Expensive and time consuming