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Biology > Structures and functions in living organisms > Flashcards

Structures and functions in living organisms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

A 
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduce
Excrete
Nutrition
Control internal conditions
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2
Q

What does a animal cell contain?

A

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasum

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3
Q

What does a plant cell contain?

A 
Nucleus
Cell wall
Vacuole 
Chloroplast
Cytoplasum
Cell membrane
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4
Q

Features of the nucleus?

A

Contains genetic material

Surrounded by it’s own membrane

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5
Q

Features of the cell membrane?

A

Outer surface of cell and controls what goes in and out

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6
Q

Features of cytoplasum?

A

Most chemicals reactions take place in it, due to lots of enzymes

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7
Q

Features of chlorophyll?

A

Contains chloroplasts which allow photosynthesis, makes food

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8
Q

Features of a cell wall?

A

structure made of cellulose, supports the cell

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9
Q

Features of a vacuole?

A

Contains cell sap, and supports cell

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10
Q

What do cells do?

A

Carry out a particular function

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11
Q

What’s a tissue?

A

Group of similar cells carrying out a particular function

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12
Q

What’s a organ?

A

Group of tissues working together to perform a function

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13
Q

What’s a organ system?

A

Group of organs working together to perform a function

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14
Q

Features of plants?

cell type, if they can photosynthesise, What are cell walls made of, how they store carbohydrates

A

Multicellular
Can photosynthesise
Have cell walls made of cellulose
Store carbohydrates as sucrose or starch

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15
Q

Types of flowering plants?

A

Maize

Peas and beans

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16
Q

Features of animals?

cell type, if they can photosynthesise, What are cell walls made of, how they move, how they store carbohydrates

A 
Multicellular
Can't photosynthesise
No cell walls 
Have nervous co-ordination
Can move
Store carbohydrates as glycogen
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17
Q

Types of animals?

A

Humans
Houseflies
Mosquitos

18
Q

Features of fungi?
(cell type, what bodies made out of, if they can photosynthesise, What are cell walls made of, how they eat, how they store carbohydrates)

A 
Single celled
Body called mycelium made of hyphae
Can't photosynthesise
Cell walls made of chitin
Feed by saprotrophic nutrition
Store carbohydrates as glycogen
19
Q

Features of a protoctist?

A

Single celled and microscopic

Some have chloroplast

20
Q

Examples of protoctits?

A

Chorella

Amoeba

21
Q

Features of bacteria?

cell type, type of chromosome of DNA, can they photosynthesise, how they eat

A 
Single celled and microscopic
No nucleus
Have circular chromosome of DNA
Can photosynthesise
Feed of other organisms
22
Q

Type of bacteria?

A

Lactobacillus bulgaricus

Pneumoccus

23
Q

Features of viruses?

(are they a cell, how they reproduce, what do they infect, what does there protein coat surround

A

Particles instead of cells
Can only reproduce inside other living cells, so parasites
Infect all organisms
Protein coat around RNA,or DNA

24
Q

Types of viruses?

A

Influenza virus
Tobbacco mosaic virus
HIV

25
Q

What’s a pathogen?

A

An organism which causes disease

26
Q

What’s an enzyme?

A

Catalyst produced by a living thing

27
Q

What’s a catalyst?

A

Substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up

28
Q

What’s the enzyme lock and key model?

A

Substrate fits into a certain enzyme, products are created and enzyme is unchanged

29
Q

What happens if you heat up enzymes?

A

Collision rate increases so faster reactions, but too high will permanently denature the enzymes decreasing reaction time

30
Q

Experiments to investigate the effect of temperature on enzymes

A

The enzyme catalase catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

The enzyme amylase catalyses the breakdown of starch to maltose

31
Q

What other factor effects enzymes other than temperature?

A

PH

32
Q

What’s diffusion?

A

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low

33
Q

What does a cell membrane do?

A

Only allows smaller molecules to go through it, not bigger ones

34
Q

What’s osmosis?

A

The net movement of water molecules from a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low

35
Q

What supports a plant?

A

Turgid cells

36
Q

What creates the turgid cells?

A

Turgor pressure

37
Q

Why don’t plants completely lose their shape when the cells are flaccid?

A

Inelastic cell wall

38
Q

Experiment for diffusion in non living system?

A

Make pink phenolphthalein and sodium hydroxide cubes, put them in hydrochloric acid, watch as it diffuses into the cubes neutralising it and turning them colourless.

39
Q

Experiment for investigating osmosis in living/ non living systems?

A

Potato cyclinders- placed in water with different sugar concentrations, To see if they shrink or grow

Visking tube

40
Q

What’s active transport?

A

The movement of particles against a concentration gradient, using energy released during respiration

41
Q

3 Main factors which influence affect the movement of substances?

A

Surface area to volume ratio (more surface area= faster)
Temperature
Concentration gradient

Biology (12 decks)

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