Structures and functions in living organisms Flashcards
What are the characteristics of living organisms?
Movement Respiration Sensitivity Growth Reproduce Excrete Nutrition Control internal conditions
What does a animal cell contain?
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasum
What does a plant cell contain?
Nucleus Cell wall Vacuole Chloroplast Cytoplasum Cell membrane
Features of the nucleus?
Contains genetic material
Surrounded by it’s own membrane
Features of the cell membrane?
Outer surface of cell and controls what goes in and out
Features of cytoplasum?
Most chemicals reactions take place in it, due to lots of enzymes
Features of chlorophyll?
Contains chloroplasts which allow photosynthesis, makes food
Features of a cell wall?
structure made of cellulose, supports the cell
Features of a vacuole?
Contains cell sap, and supports cell
What do cells do?
Carry out a particular function
What’s a tissue?
Group of similar cells carrying out a particular function
What’s a organ?
Group of tissues working together to perform a function
What’s a organ system?
Group of organs working together to perform a function
Features of plants?
cell type, if they can photosynthesise, What are cell walls made of, how they store carbohydrates
Multicellular
Can photosynthesise
Have cell walls made of cellulose
Store carbohydrates as sucrose or starch
Types of flowering plants?
Maize
Peas and beans
Features of animals?
cell type, if they can photosynthesise, What are cell walls made of, how they move, how they store carbohydrates
Multicellular Can't photosynthesise No cell walls Have nervous co-ordination Can move Store carbohydrates as glycogen
Types of animals?
Humans
Houseflies
Mosquitos
Features of fungi?
(cell type, what bodies made out of, if they can photosynthesise, What are cell walls made of, how they eat, how they store carbohydrates)
Single celled Body called mycelium made of hyphae Can't photosynthesise Cell walls made of chitin Feed by saprotrophic nutrition Store carbohydrates as glycogen
Features of a protoctist?
Single celled and microscopic
Some have chloroplast
Examples of protoctits?
Chorella
Amoeba
Features of bacteria?
cell type, type of chromosome of DNA, can they photosynthesise, how they eat
Single celled and microscopic No nucleus Have circular chromosome of DNA Can photosynthesise Feed of other organisms
Type of bacteria?
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Pneumoccus
Features of viruses?
(are they a cell, how they reproduce, what do they infect, what does there protein coat surround
Particles instead of cells
Can only reproduce inside other living cells, so parasites
Infect all organisms
Protein coat around RNA,or DNA
Types of viruses?
Influenza virus
Tobbacco mosaic virus
HIV
What’s a pathogen?
An organism which causes disease
What’s an enzyme?
Catalyst produced by a living thing
What’s a catalyst?
Substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up
What’s the enzyme lock and key model?
Substrate fits into a certain enzyme, products are created and enzyme is unchanged
What happens if you heat up enzymes?
Collision rate increases so faster reactions, but too high will permanently denature the enzymes decreasing reaction time
Experiments to investigate the effect of temperature on enzymes
The enzyme catalase catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
The enzyme amylase catalyses the breakdown of starch to maltose
What other factor effects enzymes other than temperature?
PH
What’s diffusion?
The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low
What does a cell membrane do?
Only allows smaller molecules to go through it, not bigger ones
What’s osmosis?
The net movement of water molecules from a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low
What supports a plant?
Turgid cells
What creates the turgid cells?
Turgor pressure
Why don’t plants completely lose their shape when the cells are flaccid?
Inelastic cell wall
Experiment for diffusion in non living system?
Make pink phenolphthalein and sodium hydroxide cubes, put them in hydrochloric acid, watch as it diffuses into the cubes neutralising it and turning them colourless.
Experiment for investigating osmosis in living/ non living systems?
Potato cyclinders- placed in water with different sugar concentrations, To see if they shrink or grow
Visking tube
What’s active transport?
The movement of particles against a concentration gradient, using energy released during respiration
3 Main factors which influence affect the movement of substances?
Surface area to volume ratio (more surface area= faster)
Temperature
Concentration gradient
