Plant nutrition and transport

Question 1

What does photosynthesis produce?

Answer 1

Glucose using sunlight

Question 2

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 2

The leaves of all green plants

Question 3

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 3

In the chloroplasts

Question 4

What does chlorophyll in the chloroplast do?

Answer 4

Absorbs sunlight, and uses this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

Question 5

Word equation for photosynthesis>

Answer 5

Carbon Dioxide + Water = glucose + oxygen

Question 6

Symbol equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 6

6CO2+ 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 7

Structure of a leaf?

Answer 7

P 19

Question 8

How are leafs adapted for efficient photosynthesis?

Answer 8

Leaves are broad so large surface to absorb light

Most chloroplast found in palisade layer, so near most light

Upper epidermis is transparent

Vascular bundles take away the glucose produced by photosynthesis

Waxy cuticle reduces water loss by evaporation

Stomata let CO2 diffuse directly into leaf

Question 9

Limiting factors of photosynthesis?

Answer 9

Not enough light

Not enough CO2

Correct temperature, higher means more photosynthesis, but too high denatures enzymes reducing photosynthesis

Question 10

How to test a leaf for starch?

Answer 10

Boil leaf in water to prevent further chemical reactions

Put leaf in boiling tube with Ethanol, heat in water bath, gets rid of any chlorophyll, making the leaf white

Rinse in water add iodine solution if present will turn black/blue

Question 11

What’s the starch test used for?

Answer 11

To see if a plant can photosynthesis

Question 12

How to show chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 12

Do the starch test and you’ll notice only the green parts are positive for starch

Question 13

How to show CO2 is needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 13

Leave a leaf with soda lime to remove all CO2, and see t doesn’t test positive for starch

Question 14

How to show light is needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 14

Place plant in dark environment for a week, won’t test positive in starch test

Question 15

What aspect can you use to measure photosynthesis?

Answer 15

Oxygen production

Question 16

How to measure oxygen production in a plant?

Answer 16

Use Canadian pond weed in water, a measure the amount of oxygen produced. Repeat and change the factors

Question 17

Why do plants require mineral ions?

Answer 17

Need elements to produce certain compounds, get these from mineral ions in the soil, if they don’t they will show deficiency symptoms.

Question 18

Why do plants require Nitrates?

Answer 18

Making amino acids and proteins, for cell growth

Question 19

What are the deficiency symptoms of no Nitrates>

Answer 19

Stunted growth, and yellow older leaves

Question 20

Why do plants require Phosphates?

Answer 20

Making DNA and cell membranes, for respiration and growth

Question 21

What are the deficiency symptoms of no Phosphates?

Answer 21

Poor root growth, and purple older leaves

Question 22

Why do plants require potassium?

Answer 22

To help enzymes required for photosynthesis and respiration

Question 23

What are the deficiency symptoms of no Potassium?

Answer 23

Poor flower and fruit growth, discoloured leaves

Question 24

Why do plants require magnesium?

Answer 24

Making chlorophyll

Question 25

What are the deficiency symptoms of no Magnesium?

Answer 25

Yellow leaves

Question 26

Why do multicellular organisms require transport systems?

Answer 26

They're too big for substances to diffuse directly into cells would take too long.

Question 27

What do xylem tubes do?

Answer 27

Transport water and mineral salts from the roots to the leaves through the transpiration stream

Question 28

What do Phloem tubes do?

Answer 28

Transport Sucrose and amino acids from the leaves to the other parts of the plant, this is called translocation

Question 29

What do root cells take in by osmosis?

Answer 29

Water

Question 30

How are they adapted for efficient exchange?

Answer 30

Long hairs into soil Lots of hairs Big surface area

Question 31

Why is the water taken in by osmosis?

Answer 31

The concentration of water is higher outside the root hairs

Question 32

What do root cells take in by active transport?

Answer 32

Mineral ions

Question 33

What's transpiration?

Answer 33

Loss of water from a plant via evaporation and diffusion in the leaves, so more water is drawn up by the xylem vessels and roots creating a transpiration stream

Question 34

How does light intensity effect the transpiration rate?

Answer 34

Higher the light, the more transpiration Stomata close as it gets dark, photosynthesis can't happen in the dark so the stomata don't need to be open to let CO2 in, stopping the water from leaving the plant

Question 35

How does temperature effect transpiration?

Answer 35

The warmer it is, the faster transpiration happens The water particles have more energy so they evaporate more

Question 36

How does wind speed effect transpiration?

Answer 36

The higher the wind speed, the faster transpiration happens Sweeps away water molecules outside the leaf, maintaining a low concentration of water outside the leaf

Question 37

How does humidity effect the transpiration rate?

Answer 37

The more humid, the slower transpiration happens Creates a high concentration if water outside the leaf, so diffusion happens slower

Question 38

How to use a potometer to measure transpiration?

Answer 38

Cut shoot underwater with a slant to increase surface area Assemble photometer underwater and put in shoot Remove from water, but keep the capillary tube in water Make sure it's airtight Dry the leaves Measure how far the bubble moves per time

Question 39

What can you do to test the environmental effects on transpiration?

Answer 39

Change light intensity, temperature, wind speed, humidity