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Biology > Classification and evoloution > Flashcards

Classification and evoloution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Classification definition?

A

Process in which living organisms are organised into groups

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2
Q

Taxonomy definition?

A

Is the grouping of the organisms

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3
Q

What are the taxonomic groups?

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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4
Q

What is the taxonomic group added above Kingdom?

A

Domain (Archea, bacteria and Eukarya)

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5
Q

Why do scientists classify organisms?

A

To identify species
To predict characteristics
To find evolutionary links

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6
Q

Species definition?

A

A group of organisms that are able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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7
Q

Why horses and donkeys a separate species?

A

When they breed together they produce a mule which is infertile

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8
Q

Why aren’t mules classified as a species?

A

Because they are infertile

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9
Q

What does the generic name show?

A

The organisms genus, shared by close relatives

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10
Q

What does the specific name show?

A

The organisms species

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11
Q

What is the binomial nomenclature?

A

System developed so all scientists talking about same organisms

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12
Q

What is the scientific name?

A

Written in italics (underlined), generic then specific name (lower case)

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13
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A 
Prokaryotae
Protoctisa
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
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14
Q

Example of a prokaryotae?

A

Bacteria

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15
Q

Example of protoctitsa?

A

Unicellular eukaryotes

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16
Q

Features of Prokaryotae?

A

Unicellular
No nucleus or other membrane bound organelles
Have a ring of naked DNA, and small ribosomes
No visible feeding mechanisms

17
Q

Protoctista features?

A

Mainly unicellular
Have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
Some have chloroplasts
Food acquired by photosynthesis, ingestion of other organism or are parasites

18
Q

Fungi features?

A

Uni or multi cellular
Have nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, and a cell wall made of chitin
No chloroplasts
Body made up of mycelium or threads of hyphae
Saprothropic feeders

19
Q

Plantae features?

A

Multicellular
Nucleus, chloroplast, cell wall made of cellulose
Store food as starch
Nutrients acquired by photosynthesis

20
Q

Animalia features?

A 
Multi cellular
Have nucleus, and other membrane bound organelles, but no cell walls
No chloroplast
Move with cillia
Food stored as glycogen
Nutrients acquired by ingestion
21
Q

Eukarya domain features?

A

80 s ribosomes

RNA polymerase responsible for most mRNA transcription contains 12 proteins

22
Q

Archaea domain features?

A

70s ribosomes

RNA polymerase contains between 8 and 10 proteins

23
Q

Bacteria domain features?

A

70s ribosomes

RNA polymerase contains 5 proteins

24
Q

How do the domains add another kingdom?

A

Splits bacteria into Eubacteria and Archae-bacteria, as they have different chemical makeup, eg. Eubacteria have peptidoglycan walls and archae bacteria dont

25
Q

Archaebacteria features?

A

Ancient bacteria, can live in extreme conditions

26
Q

Eubacteria features?

A

Common bacteria

27
Q

What is Pyhlogeny?

A

Name given to the evolutionary relationships between organisms

28
Q

What’s a phylogenetic tree?

A

Diagram used to represent the evolutionary relationships between organisms

29
Q

Common ancestor meaning?

A

means all the species being talked about evolved from same species

30
Q

What are sister groups?

A

When 2 groups split from the same node

31
Q

Advantages of phylogenetic classification over taxonomic groupings?

A

Phylogeny can be done without use of classification, whereas classification relies on phlyogeny as it only looks at characteristics
Phylogeny produces flowing tree, whereas taxonomical groups are discrete.

32
Q

Evidence of evolution?

A

Paleontology, the study of fossils and the fossil record
Comparative anatomy
Comparative biochemistry

33
Q

How does the fossil record provide evidence of evolution?

A

Simplest organisms found in oldest rocks, and most complex organisms found in youngest rocks

34
Q

What’s a homologous structure?

A

Structures which appears superficially different in different organisms but has same underlying structure, eg limbs of mammals, showing that we have all evolved from a common ancestor

35
Q

What’s divergent evolution?

A

Describes how from a common ancestor different species have evolved

36
Q

Definition of comparative biochemistry?

A

The study of similarities and differences in the proteins and other molecules that control life processes

Biology (12 decks)

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