u.s. presidents Flashcards
defeated last Federalist candidate Rufus King in first election
Monroe
wrote ‘A View on the Conduct of the Executive,’ defending himself as Minister to France
Monroe
Spain ceded Florida to the United States through the Adams-Onis Treaty
Monroe
failed to negotiate renewal of Jay’s Treaty with William Pinkney
Monroe
put down Gabriel Prosser’s rebellion while Governor of Virginia
Monroe
helped Robert Livingston negotiate the Louisiana Purchase
Monroe
secured the release of Thomas Paine from prison
Monroe
vetoed the Cumberland Road Bill
Monroe
vice president Daniel Tompkins
Monroe
simultaneously served as Secretary of War and Secretary of Treasury
Monroe
Secretary of the Navy Smith Thompson only Supreme Court appointment
Monroe
used the name Helvidius
Madison
wrote ‘if men were angels, no government would be necessary’
Madison
stated ‘ambition must be made to counteract ambition’
Madison
held slave Paul Jennings
Madison
fled sitting position after Battle of Bladensburg
Madison
wife saved portrait of George Washington
Madison
argued ‘extending the sphere’ protects liberty from ‘factions’
Madison
took copious notes during Constitutional Convention
Madison
wrote the ‘Virginia Plan’ along with Edmund Randolph
Madison
opposed but signed Macon’s Bill No. 2
Madison
defended slaves on the Amistad with Roger Sherman Baldwin
Quincy Adams
rejected William Crawford as Secretary of State, then beat him in an election
Quincy Adams
negotiated the Treaty of Ghent
Quincy Adams
ran for governor on Anti-Masonic ticket
Quincy Adams
passed first law declared unconstitutional by South Carolina
Quincy Adams
signed the Tariff of Abominations
Quincy Adams
appointed Richard Rush as running mate and Secretary of State
Quincy Adams
appointed William Wirt as Attorney General
Quincy Adams
criticized Thomas Paine under the pseudonym Publicola
Quincy Adams
appointed Robert Trimble to Supreme Court
Quincy Adams
provoked outcry after executing Arbuthnot and Ambrister
Jackson
Richard Lawrence tried to assassinate this man but failed
Jackson
Secretary of Treasury Levi Woodbury
Jackson
won Seminole Wars after battle at Negro Fort
Jackson
defeated Edward Pakenham in a battle on ‘The Eighth’
Jackson
was scarred by a sword for refusing to shine boots of a British officer
Jackson
appointed Roger Taney to Supreme Court instead of Thomas Hart Benton
Jackson
All but one member of hid cabinet resigned after he supported Peggy Eaton in Petticoat Affair
Jackson
vetoed a bill to construct a road to Maysville, Kentucky
Jackson
his wife died after an election
Jackson
led Bucktails, a group opposing George Clinton
Van Buren
ran in 1848 on Free Soil Ticket
Van Buren
lifestyle attacked in Charles Ogle’s Gold Spoon oration
Van Buren
sent Winfield Scott to resolve Caroline Affair and Aroostook War
Van Buren
vice president supposedly killed Tecumseh
Van Buren
known as Little Magician
Van Buren
passed Independent Treasury Act
Van Buren
resigned from one position following Petticoat Affair
Van Buren
offered ambassadorship to London after losing election to Polk
Van Buren
Governor authorized military force to expel Mormons during Van Buren’s presidency
Lilburn Boggs
defeated Shawnee at Battle of Tippecanoe
Henry Harrison
aide-de-camp for ‘Mad Anthony’ Wayne
Henry Harrison
appointed Governor of Indiana by John Adams
Henry Harrison
beat Arthur St. Clair Jr. by one vote in an election for Northwest Territory’s congressional delegate at 26
Henry Harrison
founded Vincennes University
Henry Harrison
lobbied to rescind anti-slavery Article VI in the Northwest Ordinance
Henry Harrison
known as Log Cabin and Hard Cider candidate
Henry Harrison
Secretary of Navy and State killed when Peacemaker gun exploded aboard USS Princeton
Tyler
first president to have a veto overridden
Tyler
signed Treaty of Wanghia with the Qing Dynasty
Tyler
signed a bill offering the annexation of Texas three days before leaving office
Tyler
nicknamed ‘his Accidency’ for how he got the presidency
Tyler
entire cabinet, except Secretary of State Daniel Webster, resigned after he vetoed Henry Clay’s bill to resurrect a national bank
Tyler
served in the Congress of the Confederacy after presidency
Tyler
Secretary of State under this president negotiated namesake border treaty between Maine and Canada
Tyler
failed to send federal troops to put down Dorr’s Rebellion
Tyler
unsuccessfully nominated Edward King twice to the Supreme Court
Tyler
minister Benjamin Bidlack guaranteed Colombian sovereignty in exchange for U.S. right of way across Panama
Polk
Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft established Naval Academy
Polk
lowered import duties with the Walker Tariff, named for Treasury Secretary
Polk
carried slogan ‘fifty-four forty or fight,’ but abandoned that position with the Oregon Treaty
Polk
dispatched Nicholas Trist and John Slidell to resolve a foreign treaty
Polk
held position of governor of Tennessee
Polk
only Speaker of the House to be elected President
Polk
called ‘Young Hickory’ because of immense support for Andrew Jackson
Polk
defeated James Buchanan, who then became Secretary of State
Polk
restored previous President’s Independent Treasury Act
Polk
relieved Siege of Fort Texas by winning Battle of Palo Alto
Taylor
defeated Seminoles at Battle of Lake Okeechobee
Taylor
final days of presidency marred by Galphin Affair
Taylor
negotiated Clayton-Bulwar Treaty with Britain over a canal in Nicaragua
Taylor
defeated army three times his size at Battle of Buena Vista
Taylor
called ‘Old Rough-and-Ready’
Taylor
died 16 months into presidency from a stomach disease
Taylor
held Cypress Grove Plantation
Taylor
perceived insult from French minister Guillaume Tell Poussin almost led to a break in diplomatic relations
Taylor
arrested Narciso Lopez, Venezuelan radical trying to conquer Cuba
Taylor
met with Lajos Kossuth, exiled leader of Hungary
Fillmore
supported and signed Compromise of 1850
Fillmore
last Whig president
Fillmore
second secretary of state Edward Everett
Fillmore
running mate Andrew Jackson Donelson
Fillmore
deployed Commodore Perry
Fillmore
‘Know-Nothing’ presidential candidate
Fillmore
became friends with prison reformer Dorothea Dix
Fillmore
appointed Mormon leader Brigham Young governor of Utah Territory
Fillmore
subsidized the Illinois Central Railroad, and then rode the first train from New York to Lake Erie
Fillmore
severely injured after his horse fell on his leg during Battle of Contreras
Pierce
faced backlash after release of the Ostend Manifesto, released by Pierre Soule, which recommended taking of Cuba
Pierce
signed Gadsden Purchase
Pierce
4th of July speech denouncing the Civil War as ‘fruitless’ was interrupted by news of victory at Gettysburg
Pierce
acquired nickname ‘Fainting’ after passing out at Churubusco
Pierce
ran alongside William Rufus King, who died during his term
Pierce
supported in presidential campaign by ‘Granite Clubs’
Pierce
appointed John Archibald Campbell to the Supreme Court
Pierce
called ‘archtraitor’ by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Pierce
repealed Missouri Compromise
Pierce
supported Ostend Manifesto along with Pierre Soule
Buchanan
Secretary of State under Polk
Buchanan
sent Star of the West to assist Robert Anderson
Buchanan
vice-president John Breckinridge
Buchanan
led agrarian political faction called Amalgamators
Buchanan
named a border treaty with Sir Richard Pakenham, alternatively called the Oregon Treaty
Buchanan
namesake blunder occurred when he attempted to replace Brigham Young as the Governor of the Utah Territory
Buchanan
defeated ‘Know-Nothing’ Millard Fillmore and John C. Fremont
Buchanan
promoted Postmaster General Joseph Holt to Secretary of War
Buchanan
Covode Committee chastised him for allowing War and Navy Departments to award no-bid contracts
Buchanan
‘malice towards none’ and ‘charity for all’
Lincoln
gave Lyceum Address and Cooper Union speech
Lincoln
private secretaries Nicolay and Hay published their papers in 12 volumes
Lincoln
‘let us have faith that makes might’
Lincoln
‘Lost Speech’ supposedly so good reporters put their pencils down to listen
Lincoln
‘fondly we do hope, fervently we do pray’
Lincoln
defended ‘Duff’ Armstrong in a murder trial
Lincoln
asked for proof of Mexican belligerence in the Spot Resolutions
Lincoln
gave Peoria Speech against Kansas-Nebraska Act
Lincoln
defeated John C. Breckenridge and John Bell in his first presidential election
Lincoln
compared himself to Christ in the ‘Swing Around the Circle’ campaign
Andrew Johnson
violated Tenure of Office Act
Andrew Johnson
tried, but failed to fire Edwin Stanton
Andrew Johnson
appointed Lorenzo Thomas in violation of one law
Andrew Johnson
only former President to later serve as a Senator from Tennessee
Andrew Johnson
replaced Hannibal Hamlin in one position
Andrew Johnson
JFK’s ‘Profiles in Courage’ describes one action against this man that failed with Edwin Ross’ acquittal
Andrew Johnson
Benjamin Butler referred to this man as a ‘great obstruction’
Andrew Johnson
feuded with Radical Republicans
Andrew Johnson
denounced Thad Stevens and Wendell Phillips
Andrew Johnson
nearly bankrupted after being scammed by Ferdinand Ward
Grant
Secretary of State Hamilton Fish negotiated Treaty of Washington to settle Alabama Claims
Grant
Mark Twain provided financial security while he was dying of throat cancer
Grant
personal secretary Orville Babcock
Grant
secretary of war William Belknap impeached as private citizen for actions in the Indian Ring
Grant
president during Credit Mobilier and Whiskey Ring
Grant
changed Vice President candidate from Schuyler Colfax to Henry Wilson because of the former’s involvement in a scandal
Grant
Secretary of Treasury Benjamin Bristow helped resolve one key issue
Grant
veto of Inflation Bill and passage of Fourth Coinage Act embraced gold standard and caused founding of Greenback Party
Grant
Jim Fisk and Jay Gould attempted to corner gold market on Black Friday
Grant
sent in troops to strike down Great Railroad Strike in Martinsburg, WV
Hayes
intense rivalry with New York Senator and ‘Stalwart’ Roscoe Conkling
Hayes
fought with Senate over confirmations of Theodore Roosevelt, Sr., L. Bradford Prince, and Edwin Merritt
Hayes
embarked on the 71-day Great Western Tour
Hayes
stopped granting pensions for veterans under new commission
Hayes
called ‘His Fraudulency’ after a disputed election
Hayes
removed troops from South Carolina and Louisiana
Hayes
first president to complete the White House grounds
Hayes
established Civil Service Reform
Hayes
banned alcohol from White House
Hayes
assassinated four months into presidency
Garfield
invented the concept of ‘proportional representation’
Garfield
first president to campaign in the South
Garfield
served in House of Representatives
Garfield
first president to have a campaign slogan
Garfield
one of three Republican candidates during contested convention in 1880
Garfield
broke deadlock of Republican National Convention by gaining support from moderates
Garfield
supported the legislation that created the first national bank in the U.S.
Garfield
served as president for six months before dying
Garfield
was shot in Washington D.C. by Charles Guiteau
Garfield
got caught in the middle of a power struggle between reform-minded and Stalwart factions of Republican Party
Arthur
conducted investigation of New York custom house
Arthur
signed Chinese Exclusion Act
Arthur
improved U.S. Navy and pushed for modern battleships
Arthur
believed he would be next U.S. senator from New York
Arthur
appointed John Jay to a board to oversee Manhattan’s subways
Arthur
proposed the Tariff of 1883
Arthur
inaugurated to replace Garfield after he was assassinated
Arthur
relatively ineffective president
Arthur
reorganized the post office into a modern service
Arthur
defeated by Benjamin Harrison
Cleveland
known as the ‘veto president’ for rejecting multiple bills
Cleveland
the only president to serve non-consecutive terms
Cleveland
fought with a variety of local bosses over economic policies
Cleveland
oversaw the American economy during the Pullman Strike
Cleveland
defended the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act and opposed it after it was enacted
Cleveland
enforced existing laws on monopoly cases
Cleveland
signed the Interstate Commerce Act
Cleveland
repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Cleveland
served as governor of New York before presidency
Cleveland
lost election to Grover Cleveland, winning only the South and West
Harrison
grandson of President William Henry Harrison
Harrison
fought in the Spanish-American War
Harrison
led a campaign to annex Hawaii
Harrison
authored the ‘New Deal’ to help suffering Americans
Harrison
signed the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up monopolies
Harrison
oversaw a number of federal projects
Harrison
promoted the passage of the McKinley Tariff
Harrison
succeeded in raising the tariff rates
Harrison
reformed the Post Office and established parcel post
Harrison
served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under William Howard Taft
Roosevelt
increased the size of the Navy and used it to exert U.S. influence
Roosevelt
negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth that ended the Russo-Japanese War
Roosevelt
made contributions to the Progressive Movement
Roosevelt
developed a reputation for trust-busting and conservation
Roosevelt
gained support for the Panama Canal
Roosevelt
pursued a policy of Big Stick diplomacy
Roosevelt
won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906
Roosevelt
led the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War
Roosevelt
‘speak softly and carry a big stick’
Roosevelt
first president to run for re-election
Taft
promoted the Dollar Diplomacy
Taft
signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff, which angered progressives
Taft
called a meeting of the National Conference of the Governors
Taft
served as Secretary of War before presidency
Taft
oversaw the creation of the United States Postal Savings Bank
Taft
split the Republican Party during the 1912 election
Taft
relied heavily on the influence of his chief advisor, Elihu Root
Taft
his administration faced issues regarding trusts
Taft
established the Department of Labor
Taft
faced a serious economic crisis known as the Great Depression
Wilson
promoted and enforced the Clayton Antitrust Act
Wilson
presided over the United States’ entry into World War I
Wilson
proposed a Fourteen Points program to promote peace after WWI
Wilson
was an advocate for the League of Nations
Wilson
won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in establishing the League of Nations
Wilson
faced serious challenges regarding civil rights for African Americans
Wilson
called for economic reforms that became known as the New Freedom
Wilson
lowered tariffs through the Underwood Tariff Act
Wilson
unveiled the Federal Reserve Act, which created the Federal Reserve System
Wilson
died less than a month after leaving office
Harding
known for his ‘return to normalcy’ slogan
Harding
oversaw scandals like the Teapot Dome
Harding
called for a reduction of taxes on wealthy individuals
Harding
called for disarmament after WWI
Harding
presided over a rapid economic growth in the early 1920s
Harding
established the Bureau of the Budget
Harding
encouraged pro-business policies during presidency
Harding
worked to ease tensions with Mexico during his term
Harding
championed the development of aviation during his presidency
Harding
was known for his ‘coolidge prosperity’ era
Calvin Coolidge
reduced taxes and government spending
Calvin Coolidge
vetoed the McNary-Haugen Farm Relief Bill
Calvin Coolidge
known for his belief in laissez-faire economics
Calvin Coolidge
helped expand the aviation industry during his presidency
Calvin Coolidge
lowered the national debt during his presidency
Calvin Coolidge
the only president to be sworn in by his father
Calvin Coolidge
made the first radio broadcast from the White House
Calvin Coolidge
promoted national economic growth
Calvin Coolidge
served as governor of Massachusetts before presidency
Calvin Coolidge
presided over the Great Depression
Herbert Hoover
promoted the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Herbert Hoover
tried to implement public works projects to stimulate the economy
Herbert Hoover
was a proponent of limited government intervention
Herbert Hoover
faced backlash for the Bonus Army incident
Herbert Hoover
suffered from declining popularity due to economic hardships
Herbert Hoover
pushed for a balanced federal budget
Herbert Hoover
oversaw the stock market crash of 1929
Herbert Hoover
witnessed a wave of bank failures during his term
Herbert Hoover
known for his humanitarian efforts before his presidency
Herbert Hoover
won the presidency for four consecutive terms
Franklin Roosevelt
established the New Deal to combat the Great Depression
Franklin Roosevelt
fired the first shot of World War II by declaring war on Japan
Franklin Roosevelt
held a meeting with Churchill and Stalin
Franklin Roosevelt
proposed the ‘Four Freedoms’ as core American ideals
Franklin Roosevelt
signed the Social Security Act
Franklin Roosevelt
established the Tennessee Valley Authority
Franklin Roosevelt
oversaw the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Franklin Roosevelt
promoted programs for public works
Franklin Roosevelt
was diagnosed with polio
Franklin Roosevelt
made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan
Truman
recognized Israel shortly after its creation
Truman
initiated the Marshall Plan to aid European recovery
Truman
signed the Truman Doctrine to contain communism
Truman
oversaw the desegregation of the military
Truman
faced challenges with North Korea during the Korean War
Truman
involved in the Potsdam Conference with Allied leaders
Truman
popularized the ‘Fair Deal’ as an extension of the New Deal
Truman
established the National Security Council
Truman
oversaw the conversion of wartime economy to peacetime economy
Truman
commanded Allied forces during World War II
Eisenhower
initiated the Eisenhower Doctrine to combat communism
Eisenhower
presided over the expansion of the interstate highway system
Eisenhower
faced the Suez Crisis during his presidency
Eisenhower
won the 1952 election against Adlai Stevenson
Eisenhower
sought to balance the federal budget
Eisenhower
established the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Eisenhower
called for a ‘peaceful coexistence’ with the Soviet Union
Eisenhower
was instrumental in the creation of NASA
Eisenhower
encouraged the use of nuclear power for peaceful purposes
Eisenhower
signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law
Lyndon B. Johnson
promoted the Great Society programs
Lyndon B. Johnson
escalated U.S. involvement in Vietnam War
Lyndon B. Johnson
faced significant civil unrest during his presidency
Lyndon B. Johnson
successfully pushed through Medicare and Medicaid
Lyndon B. Johnson
was known for his ‘Johnson treatment’ in politics
Lyndon B. Johnson
presided over the Apollo 11 moon landing
Lyndon B. Johnson
oversaw the Voting Rights Act of 1965
Lyndon B. Johnson
worked on poverty reduction initiatives
Lyndon B. Johnson
was a former teacher before entering politics
Lyndon B. Johnson
