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quarterbacking > fall physics > Flashcards

fall physics Flashcards

1
Q

force that opposes motion through a fluid

A

drag

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2
Q

This dimensionless number is the ratio of the inertial drag forces to the viscous drag forces

A

Reynold’s number

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3
Q

Once the Reynolds number is above about 0.1, the flow changes from laminar to this type of flow

A

turbulent flow

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4
Q

This flow regime is described by Kolmogorov theory

A

turbulent flow

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5
Q

namesake law predicts how a magnetic field can produce an electromotive force

A

Faraday’s Law of Induction

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6
Q

This law relates an induced electric field created by a changing magnetic field

A

Faraday’s Law of Induction

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7
Q

for wires, this law can be written as the induced electromotive force being equal to the negative time derivative of the magnetic flux multiplied by the number of loops

A

Faraday’s Law

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8
Q

namesake of SI unit for capacitance

A

Faraday

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9
Q

statement of conservation of energy for electromagnetic fields

A

Poynting’s Theorem

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10
Q

this quantity symbolized with a boldface S

A

Poynting Vector

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11
Q

represents the flux of electromagnetic energy, and “points” in the direction of propagation

A

Poynting Vector

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12
Q

when the Reynolds number is extremely low, this type of flow occurs

A

Stokes flow

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13
Q

This scientist’s namesake number is the ratio of kinematic viscosity to thermal diffusivity

A

Prandtl

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14
Q

this device has three terminals called the emitter, base, and collector

A

bipolar junction transistor

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15
Q

this device’s mobile charge carriers include both electrons and holes

A

bipolar junction transistor

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16
Q

classified as either NPN or PNP

A

bipolar junction transistor

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17
Q

These devices generally transfer electrical power between circuits

A

transformer

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18
Q

transforms a function in the time domain into a function in the frequency domain

A

Fourier Transform

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19
Q

A function has this property if the integral of the square of its modulus is finite

A

square integrable

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20
Q

phenomenon in which a certain type of substance exhibits frictionless flow

A

superfluidity

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21
Q

Superfluidity was first observed in this element near absolute zero

A

helium

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22
Q

made by stars from hydrogen in the CNO cycle and the proton–proton chain reaction

A

helium

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23
Q

prevailing cosmological model that describes the large-scale structure and evolution of the universe

A

lambda-CDM model

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24
Q

made by stars in the CNO cycle

A

helium

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25
Q

This force acts opposite the direction of motion on an object moving through a fluid

A

drag

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26
Q

depends on the density of the fluid and the speed of the object

A

drag

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27
Q

caused by the shape of the object and the pressure difference between the front and back of the object as it moves through the fluid

A

form drag (pressue drag)

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28
Q

occurs when an object moves through a fluid at high speeds

A

wave drag

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29
Q

Barkhausen effect states that this phenomenon is lost or gained in small steps

A

ferromagnetism

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30
Q

Ferromagnets lag in responding to changes in an applied field even after being influenced by an external magnetic field, an effect given this name

A

hysteresis

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31
Q

Ferromagnetism only occurs below a certain temperature known as

A

Curie point

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32
Q

Ferromagnetism’s phase changes can be modeled by spins by using this model

A

Ising model

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33
Q

above the Curie point, magnetic moments align only in the presence of an external magnetic field and become this

A

paramagnet

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34
Q

The area inside the hysteresis loop represents this during magnetization and demagnetization

A

energy lost as heat

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35
Q

in this phenomenon, magnetic moments of atoms or ions align in opposite directions, resulting in no net magnetization

A

antiferromagnetism

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36
Q

magnetic moments align in opposite directions but with unequal strength, resulting in a net magnetization

A

ferrimagnetism

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37
Q

weak, negative magnetic response when exposed to a magnetic field, but they do not retain any magnetization once the external field is removed

A

diamagnetism

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38
Q

all materials exhibit this weak form of magnetism

A

diamagnetism

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39
Q

name for when an external magnetic field is applied and then removed, the material retains some of its magnetization

A

hysteresis

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40
Q

This quantity measures a fluid’s resistance to flow

A

viscosity

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41
Q

Superfluid helium has the highest known value of this material property

A

thermal conductivity

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42
Q

measured in watts per meter-kelvin

A

thermal conductivity

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43
Q

describes the conduction of heat through a material

A

Fourier’s Law

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44
Q

material constant in Fourier’s Law

A

thermal conductivity

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45
Q

effect in which empty space between two objects generates a small force

A

Casimir effect

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46
Q

these devices are typically depicted as parallel lines on a circuit diagram

A

capacitor

47
Q

rheometer applies these two quantities to a fluid to study its flow

A

stress and strain

48
Q

Young’s Modulus is the ratio of these two quantities in a material

A

stress and strain

49
Q

The equations governing the boundary layer can be determined by using order of magnitude analysis on this set of partial differential equations

A

Navier-Stokes

50
Q

set of partial differential equations that describe the motion of fluids

A

Navier-Stokes

51
Q

region of a fluid close to a solid surface (such as an airplane wing or a pipe wall) where the velocity of the fluid changes from zero at the surface

A

boundary layer

52
Q

This method of calculating the potential introduces imaginary charges into the problem that replicate the original problem’s boundary conditions

A

method of image charges

53
Q

Using Gauss’s law on this charge distribution gives a uniform electric field of magnitude equal to the charge density over two times the permittivity of free space

A

plane (or sheet)

54
Q

these entities, that describe the quantum state of a particle

A

wavefunctions

55
Q

When one of these is observed, they collapse from a superposition of states

A

wavefunctions

56
Q

square of this entity’s magnitude gives a probability distribution for a particle’s location

A

wavefunctions

57
Q

evolution of wavefunction over time is governed by this

A

Schrodinger’s Equation

58
Q

In this interpretation of quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation always holds

A

many-worlds interpretation

59
Q

Developed by Hugh Everett

A

many-worlds interpretation

60
Q

posits that wave functions do not collapse and instead the system is continually split

A

many-worlds hypothesis

61
Q

states that the volume and temperature of a gas under constant pressure are directly related

A

Charles’ Law

62
Q

describes the inverse relationship between volume and pressure under constant temperature

A

Boyle’s Law

63
Q

In this region, Hooke’s law doesn’t hold

A

plastic region

64
Q

deformation that occurs here is permanent

A

plastic region

65
Q

lies between the yield strength and rupture on a stress-strain curve

A

plastic region

66
Q

this form of drag can be reduced by streamlining

A

parasitic drag

67
Q

sum of all drag forces not associated with the lift

A

parasitic drag

68
Q

phenomenon in which a wave passing through a slit will spread out on the other side of the slit

A

diffraction

69
Q

This formula is used to model angular resolution

A

Rayleigh criterion

70
Q

sets sine theta equal to 1.22 times lambda over D

A

Rayleigh criterion (lambda is light wavelength, D is aperture diameter)

71
Q

Inverse-square laws can be derived from variants of this physical law

A

Gauss’s Law

72
Q

relates the electric field produced by a charge distribution to the charge enclosed by a closed surface

A

Gauss’s Law

73
Q

materials with this property exhibit attraction only when an external field is applied

A

paramagnetism

74
Q

namesake equation can be used to describe trajectory of something in Brownian motion

A

Paul Langevin

75
Q

had an affair with Marie Curie

A

Paul Langevin

76
Q

namesake dynamics uses stochastic differential equations to describe the motion of particles

A

Paul Langevin

77
Q

type of product used to find the volume of a parallelepiped

A

triple product

78
Q

This product combines a cross product and dot product

A

triple product

79
Q

gravitational constant was determined by this man using a torsion balance

A

Henry Cavendish

80
Q

He was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a unique substance

A

Henry Cavendish

81
Q

property of a light wave defined as the direction in which its electric field oscillates

A

polarization

82
Q

The Poincaré sphere can be used to visualize this property

A

polarization

83
Q

at this angle, reflected light can be completely polarized in the plane perpendicular to the plane of incidence

A

Brewster’s Angle

84
Q

Materials with this property split unpolarized light into polarized components and refract them differently

A

birefringence

85
Q

birefringent materials create these two rays of light

A

ordinary and extraordinary

86
Q

Calcite and Quartz have this property, as images appear to be doubled after passing through it

A

birefringence

87
Q

This theorem gives the total magnetic flux through any surface as proportional to the current penetrating the surface

A

Ampere’s Law

88
Q

the magnetic flux through a closed surface is always zero

A

Gauss’s Law for Magnetism

89
Q

Far away from a loop of current, the magnetic field is a dipole field where the dipole moment is equal to the current times

A

area of the loop

90
Q

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius

A

specific heat capacity (Q)

91
Q

heat given off during a phase change

A

latent heat

92
Q

this equation states specific heat can be calculated by multiplying three times the gas constant over molar mass

A

Dulong-Petit Law

93
Q

The wave-particle duality nature of matter is a fundamental part of this interpretation of quantum mechanics

A

Copenhagen interpretation

94
Q

states that everything is probabilistic and that large systems can be modeled classically

A

Copenhagen interpretation

95
Q

describes evolution of probability density function over time of Brownian Motion

A

Fokker-Planck Equation

96
Q

Students of Ernest Rutherford asserted a relationship between this quantity and the distance traveled by an alpha particle

A

half-life

97
Q

George Gamov was the first to derive the relationship now known as the Geiger-Nuttall law describing this

A

half-life

98
Q

This quantity is either undefined or much greater than the age of the Earth for all primordial nuclei

A

half-life

99
Q

developed S-matrix theory to describe a system undergoing scattering

A

Werner Heisenberg

100
Q

proposed the concept of isospin from the similarities between protons and neutrons

A

Werner Heisenberg

101
Q

transverse and relativistic forms occur due to time dilation when an object approaches the speed of light

A

doppeler effect

102
Q

proposed nuclear reaction that would occur at or near room temperature

A

cold fusion

103
Q

gained significant attention after electrochemists Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons announced in March 1989 they had achieved this process

A

Cold Fusion

104
Q

occurs when deuterium is absorbed into a palladium lattice, and the deuterium nuclei come close enough to overcome Coulumb barrier

A

Cold Fusion

105
Q

modern name for cold fusion

A

low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR)

106
Q

Values of this quantity for an orbital are determined by the azimuthal quantum number

A

angular momentum

107
Q

Poinsot’s Constrution restricts rigid body motion by kinetic energy and three components of this quantity

A

angular momentum

108
Q

The three-dimensional generalization of this law contains Green’s Tensor and was postulated by Cauchy

A

Hooke’s Law

109
Q

isotropic form of this law can be written using Poisson’s ratio

A

Hooke’s Law

110
Q

namesake of ideal rocket equation

A

Tsiolkovsky

111
Q

defines velocity of a specific body as proportional to the natural log of two masses

A

Tsiolkovsky’s rocket equation

112
Q

creation of the virtual type of these items gives rise to the Casimir effect

A

photons

113
Q

One of these escapes in the thought experiment of Einstein’s box

A

photons

114
Q

This quantity is always evenly distribution in an incompressible fluid, according to Pascal’s principle

A

pressure

quarterbacking (15 decks)

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