chinese dynasties Flashcards
Decreased power during Spring and Autumn periods
Zhou
Height of Chinese bronzeware during this
Zhou
Beginning of Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism
Zhou
Saw the evolution of written script from oracle to seal to clerical script
Zhou
Starts at the Battle of Muye, led by Jiang Ziya
Zhou
Founded by King Wu
Zhou
Partition of Jin ended this dynasty
Zhou
Preceded by Warring states
Zhou
I Ching and Art of War written during this period
Zhou
Feudalist fengjian social structure developed during this time based on the four occupations
Zhou
Capital moved from Xi’an to Loyang after Barbarian raid
Zhou
Mandate of Heaven developed during this
Zhou
Army split into the “Six Armies of the west” and “Eight Armies of Chengzhou”
Zhou
Created Great Wall of China
Qin
Standardized currency, weights, measures, and writing system
Qin
Li Si alleged of burning books and burying scholars
Qin
Built Wei River Canal
Qin
Shen Nong, “Divine Father” who taught that households should grow their own food during this dynasty
Qin
Slavery started in China during this
Qin
Creation of small seal script
Qin
Religions focus on figures call shen (spirits, gods), yin (shadows), and their realm and using mediumship in rituals
Qin
Peasants grouped into “five-family” units and punished together
Qin
One emperor’s dead body traveled with carts of fish to mask its smell
Qin
Xiang Yu and Liu Bang competed for power after this dynasty’s fall
Qin
Lute Player Gao Jianli attempted to assassinate an emperor
Qin
Shang Yang implemented military reforms
Qin
Target of Daze Village Uprising
Qin
One general Meng Tian sent to pacify Ordos
Qin
Zhao Gao was chief eunuch
Qin
Nationalized salt and iron industries, but later repealed
Han
Tide against Xiongnu Confederation turned with Emperor Wu
Han
Hexi Corridor and Tarim Basin come under control, but overrun by Xianbei
Han
Conquered Gojoseon Korea and established the Four Commanderies
Han
Hurt by Taoist Zhang Jue-led Yellow Turban Rebellion
Han
Put down Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion
Han
Started with Liu Bang’s victory over Xiang Yu of Chu at Battle of Gaixia
Han
First capital Chang’an
Han
Emperor Jin faced Rebellion of the Seven States
Han
First emperor Emperor Gaozu
Han
Diplomat Zhang Qian’s travels initiated Silk Road
Han
Allied with Kushans during conquest of Kashgar
Han
Wang Mang attempted to form the Xin Dynasty, but was stopped by the Red Eyebrows
Han
Ma Yuan crushed the Tru’ng Sisters of Vietnam
Han
Cao Cao lost Battle of Red Cliffs
Han
Records of the Grand Historian written during and ended here
Han
Emperor Wudi took this empire to its greatest extent
Han
Buddhism reached China during this period
Han
Two Confucian scholars were imprisoned in the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions
Han
First Empress Lu held great influence
Han
Founded by Emperor Wen
Sui
Equal-field system used to reduce economic inequality
Sui
Three Departments and Six Ministries system of land distribution
Sui
Created Grand Canal
Sui
Created capital of Daxing at Chang’an
Sui
Disastrous military campaigns against Goguryeo, one of Korea’s Three Kingdoms
Sui
Minister Yuwen Huaji assassinated Emperor Yang
Sui
Perpetrated Linyi-Champa Campaign in Vietnam, during which it faced war elephants
Sui
Expanded the Great Wall of China
Sui
Preceded by the Sixteen Kingdoms
Sui
Zhiyi founded Tiantai school and wrote the Lotus Sutra
Sui
Second emperor rebuilt Luoyang
Sui
Followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Tang
Empress Wu Zetian seized throne during this, proclaiming the Wu Zhou Dynasty
Tang
Yang Guifei, a concubine, was executed during a rebellion against this dynasty
Tang
Faced rebellion by Turkish Sodigan named An Lushan
Tang
Rise of military governors called jiedushi undermined civil service exams
Tang
Poets Li Bai, Du Fu, and Wang Wei
Tang
One leader Li Shimin beat Dou Jiande at Luoyang at Battle of Hulao
Tang
Successful campaign against Gokturks after Li Jing captured Illig Qaghan
Tang
Strong Emperor Taizong and Emperor Gaozong led military campaigns
Tang
‘The Gatherings of Kings’ depicts relations with surrounding areas
Tang
Prince Li Shimin ordered his brothers’ deaths in the Xuanwu Gate Incident
Tang
Started Jimi self-rule system for administrative regions, ending equal-field system
Tang
Continued Three Departments and Six Ministries from previous dynasty
Tang
Hou Junji conquered Tarim Basin
Tang
Empress Wei and Princess Taiping were powerful women who dominated husbands’ rule
Tang
Faced Huang Chao Rebellion, who committed the Guangzhou massacre
Tang
Lost to Abbasids at Battle of Talas
Tang
Continued predecessor’s war against Goguryeo due to rivalry with General Yeon Gaesomun
Tang
Emperor Xuanzong led it to its greatest extent
Tang
Li Yuan was founder
Tang
Founded by Emperor Taizu
Song
Transition between two key periods due to war with Jurchen-led Jin dynasty
Song
Northern and Southern variations
Song
First capital at Bianjing or Kaifeng
Song
Second capital at Lin’an or Hangzhou
Song
First to issue banknotes and record chemical formula of gunpowder
Song
Zhang Sixun built an astronomical clock tower
Song
Shanyuan Treaty ended conflict between this and the Liao
Song
Statesman Shen Kuo led a campaign against Tanguts
Song
Guo Kui attacked Dai Viet after a raid on Guangxi
Song
‘Along the River During the Qingming Festival’ by Zhang Zeduan
Song
Chancellor Fan Zhongyan attempted to implement Qingli Reforms
Song
Emperor Shenzong was one emperor
Song
Rivalry between Sima Yi and Wang Anshi over implementation of ‘New Policies’
Song
One ‘Conservative’ faction led by Sima Guang
Song
Cai Jing pressured Emperor Zhezong and Huizong into passing specific policies
Song
Fang La led a peasant rebellion when lacquer trees were repossessed
Song
Much of the imperial family captured in the Jingkang Incident
Song
Yue Fei and Han Shizhong were key military leaders
Song
First Chinese naval battles at the Battle of Tangdao and Battle of Caishi
Song
Emperor Zhao Bing and Prime Minister Lu Xiufu committed suicide at dynasty’s fall
Song
Fell at Battle of Yamen and Battle of Xiangyang
Song
Philosophers Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi revived Confucianism
Song
System of local government called Baojia
Song
Paper money called chao
Yuan
Established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Borjigin
Yuan
Rule started with Battle of Yamen, led by Zhang Hongfan
Yuan
Named proclaimed in Proclamation of the Dynastic Name
Yuan
Faced the Red Turban Rebellion, led by Zhu Yuanzhang
Yuan
Divided subjects into social classes based on loyalty
Yuan
Adopted law code called Yassa
Yuan
Introduced paper money and Arabic numerals
Yuan
Original capital Kaiping, later renamed Shangdu
Yuan
Installed Wonjong as ruler of Goryeo
Yuan
Li Tan led a rebellion against this
Yuan
Capital moved from Karakorum to Khanbaliq or Dadu (modern Beijing)
Yuan
Besieged Xiangyang on the way to capture Yangzi River basin
Yuan
Army of defected troops called the Newly Submitted Army
Yuan
Defeated by Tran Dynasty at the Battle of Bach Dang
Yuan
Won a civil war called War of the Two Capitals
Yuan
Confucian Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature founded during this dynasty
Yuan
Development of drama and the novel occurred during this dynasty
Yuan
Guo Shoujing reformed the lunisolar calendar
Yuan
Botched campaigns against Annam, Champa, and Java but victory against Burma
Yuan
Hosted Marco Polo
Yuan
Nestorian Christianity was briefly tolerated
Yuan
Founded by peasant Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor
Ming
Faced rebellion led by Li Zicheng, who created the short-lived Shun dynasty
Ming
Second Emperor Jianwen faced the Jingnan campaign
Ming
Yongle Emperor, Zhu Di, moved capital to Yan and renamed it Beijing
Ming
Forbidden City built within Imperial City
Ming
Zhengtong Emperor (Yingzong) captured by Oirats led by Esen Taishi during Tumu Crisis
Ming
Haijin laws protected coasts from Japanese pirates, but failed
Ming
Military system called weisuo, similar to Tang’s fubing system
Ming
Chancellor Hu Weiyong executed, after which the position was abolished
Ming
Secret police called Jinyiwei
Ming
Annexed Kingdom of Dali
Ming
Nurgan Regional Military Commission led a campaign against the Wild Jurchens
Ming
Jiajing Emperor persecuted Tibetan Buddhists, favoring Taoism
Ming
Cao Qin staged a revolt against Tianshun Emperor
Ming
Wanli Emperor faced repercussions of Bozhou Rebellion and Japan-Korea Imjin Wars
Ming
Politically dominated by Wei Zhongxian and Liu Jin
Ming
Faction of the Donglin Society
Ming
Jurchen Nurhaci demanded tribute in ‘Seven Grievances’
Ming
Last Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself on a tree after killing his entire family and severing the Princess Changping’s arm
Ming
Subject of two eccentric books by pseudohistorian Gavin Menzies, who claimed it discovered the Americas prior to Columbus
Ming
Fall was catalyzed by Wu Sangui opening the gates to Shanhaiguan, or Shanhai Pass
Ming
General Lan Yu led a victory at Battle of Buir Lake (Buyur Nor)
Ming
Dehua porcelain factories centered at Jingdezhen
Ming
Defeated predecessor at Battle of Lake Poyang
Ming
Deposed Alakeshvara of the Kotte Kingdom in Sri Lanka
Ming
Received a giraffe from Malindi
Ming
Left Vietnam due to resistance from Le Loi
Ming
First dynasty where emperors referred to by era names, and not temple names
Ming
Matteo Ricci established the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
Ming
Faced the rebellion of the Prince of Yan
Ming
Conceptualized by Nurhaci in his Eight Banner system, and his son Hong Taiji officially founded the dynasty
Qing
Originally Later Jin dynasty
Qing
Height of power under Qianlong Emperor
Qing
Qianlong Emperor launched Ten Great Campaigns that extended control
Qing
Faced Taiping Rebellion from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, led by Hong Xiuquan
Qing
Faced the Dungan Revolt of Hui people
Qing
Rigorous reforms in the Tongzhi Restoration led to Self-Strengthening Movement
Qing
Hundred Days’ Reform proposed fundamental change to stop decline, but it was rejected
Qing
Wuchang Uprising led to Xinhai Revolution
Qing
Last emperor Puyi abdicated
Qing
Five-year old Fulin installed as Shunzhi Emperor as part of a compromise
Qing
Wu Sangui allied with them in initial conquest, but was later put down in Revolt of the Three Feudatories
Qing
Dorgon key regent to first emperor, given posthumous title of Emperor Yi, but later revoked
Qing
Haircutting edict forced adult men to shave the front of their heads, which triggered a slaughter of 100,000 in Jiangnan
Qing
Cut off water supplies to pirate Koxinga, a loyalist of the previous dynasty whose grandson Zheng Keshuang ceded Formosa (Taiwan)
Qing
Sacred Edict concisely defined key Confucian values
Qing
One emperor personally led a series of military campaigns against Dzungars and Jinchuan, led by Galdan
Qing
Conquered Albazin with no casualties
Qing
Signed Treaty of Nerchinsk and Treaty of Kyakhta with Russia
Qing
Yongzheng Emperor established Great Council
Qing
System of Palace Memorials used to report on local affairs straight to the throne
Qing
One emperor compiled Siku Quanshu
Qing
One corrupt official Heshen was super handsome
Qing
Faced the White Lotus Rebellion
Qing
George Macartney was one foreign official in this country
Qing
