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ZA - Respiratory Diseases > URTIs > Flashcards

URTIs Flashcards

1
Q

What are common viral infective agents causing URTIs?

A 
Ebstein Barr Virus
Adeno-Virus
Influenza A and B
Parainfluenza 1 and 3
RSV
Rhinovirus
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2
Q

What are common bacterial infective agents causing URTIs?

A 
H Influenzae
M Catarrhalis
Mycoplasma
Staph Aurus
Strep Pyogenes
Strep Pneumoniae
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3
Q

What are the common URTIs?

A 
Tonsilitis/Pharyngitis
Coryza
Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis (croup)
Acute Epiglottis
Sinusitis
Ottis Media
Laryngitis
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4
Q

Treatment for tonsillitis?

A

Penicillin if bacterial
Nothing if viral

Never give amoxicillin as if its caused by EBV can cause amoxicillin rash

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5
Q

What is coryza? What causes symptoms?

A

Common cold

Inflammation of the mucous membrane in nose

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6
Q

Most common cause of coryza?

A

Rhinovirus

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7
Q

Is coryza contagious?

A

Very

Spread via droplets and close contact

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8
Q

Symptoms of coryza?

A

Tiredness
Slight pyrexia
Malaise
Sore nose

Sneezing and watery discharge

Thick mucopurulent secretions for up to a week

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9
Q

Treatment for coryza?

A

Let body fight it off naturally

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10
Q

What is another name for coryza besides common cold, why can coryza a problem clinically?

A

Rhinitis

It can be a prodrome (early symptom/warning sign) for other illnesses

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11
Q

What commonly causes laryngotracheobronchitis/croup?

A

Viral - Parainfluenza type 1

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12
Q

Is it common and who is most commonly affected by LTB/croup?

A

Yes it is common

Children under 3

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13
Q

What happens when a patient has croup?

A

Windpipe swelling

Inflammatory oedema extends to vocal chords and epiglottis causing narrowing of airways

This can cause AFO and cyanosis in most extreme cases

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14
Q

How long does croup normally last?

A

About 3 days

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15
Q

Symptoms of croup?

A

Stridor
Hoarse voice
Barking cough

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16
Q

Treatment for croup?

A 
Oral steroids (dexamethasone)
Nebulised adrenaline, O2 and fluids if needed
17
Q

What is acute epiglottitis? Is it common, who does it affect the most commonly?

A

Life threatening infection of the epiglottis - causes severe AFO (airflow obstruction)

Rare disease

Affects under 5s the most

18
Q

What can cause epiglottitis?

A

H. Influenzae type B

Sometime viral

19
Q

Symptoms of epiglottitis?

A

High fever
Stridor
Drooling

20
Q

Treatment of epiglottitis?

A

Intubation

Antibiotics

21
Q

Croup vs Epiglottitis

A

Look the same/ differential’s

Epiglottitis more serious and rare - patients look toxic and unwell

22
Q

What is ottis media?

A

A bulging red eardrum

23
Q

Why is eardrum red in ottis media?

A

Red due to erythema - should be pink normally

24
Q

Treatment for ottis media?

A

Analgesia

Antibiotics make no difference as most cases are viral and they cause more side effects than they help

ZA - Respiratory Diseases (30 decks)

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