URTIs Flashcards
If rhinosinusitis Sx persist for longer than —- days, it is likely bacterial
14
Sx of rhinosinusitis?
Face pain, blocked nose, loss of smell, headache, unilateral pain that progresses to bilateral (if doesn’t progress - refer)
How does rhinosinusitis become bacterial?
Due to decreased flow of secretions
Symptomatic treatment options for rhinosinusitis?
Nasal sprays (saline, decongestants, corticosteroids) and analgesia
True or false: chronic sinusitis is very painful
False. Only painful if there is a current infection or flare up
Which patients are at high risk of developing acute rheumatic fever from a sore throat
Those aged 2-25 in at risk communities, those with existing rheumatic heart disease and those with scarlet fever
Swab test for high risk patients is testing for which pathogen?
S. pyrogenes
Signs of bacterial sore throat?
Fever and tonsillar exudate
How long should Tx for eradication of s. Pyrogenes be? To prevent rheumatic fever development
10 days with phenoxymethylpenicilin
What does acute rheumatic fever cause?
Inflammation of heart valves, brain and joints.
Brain and joints will be permanently damaged and the heart might not recover either - leading to rheumatic heart disease
Most common age group for glandular fever?
15-25
Virus that causes glandular fever?
Epstein-Barr Virus - EBV
Discuss the reaction between EBV and antibiotics
If the patient takes amoxicillin and gets a rash, it could be indicative of EBV. This is because the amoxicillin reacts with EBV to get a rash. Rash is not from penicillin hypersensitivity
Function of the Eustachian tube?
Ventilates and drains the middle ear to maintain pressure
Colloquial name for acute otitis media?
Glue ear
2 Sx needed for diagnosis with acute otitis media?
Pain AND inflammation
What percentage of acute otitis media cases are viral?
25%
Child behaviours that might indicate pain?
Tugging or rubbing at the ear + generally irritable
How often are antibiotics given for bacterial otitis media?
Very rarely. Only if extremely high fever, babies younger than 6 months or Sx lasting longer than 48 hours
How long are otitis media Sx usually troublesome for?
Less than 24 hours
Purpose of a grommet?
Placed in the ear drum to help ventilate and drain the Eustachian tube
Prevention tips for otitis media?
Breast feed, blow nose gently, upright position while bottle feeding, limit dummy use
Treatment for bacterial sore throat? (Tonsillitis or pharyngitis)
Phenoxymethylpenicilin 500mg bd
Is chronic sinusitis painful?
No. Only if there is an infection or flare up
