URTIs

Question 1

If rhinosinusitis Sx persist for longer than —- days, it is likely bacterial

Answer 1

14

Question 2

Sx of rhinosinusitis?

Answer 2

Face pain, blocked nose, loss of smell, headache, unilateral pain that progresses to bilateral (if doesn’t progress - refer)

Question 3

How does rhinosinusitis become bacterial?

Answer 3

Due to decreased flow of secretions

Question 4

Symptomatic treatment options for rhinosinusitis?

Answer 4

Nasal sprays (saline, decongestants, corticosteroids) and analgesia

Question 5

True or false: chronic sinusitis is very painful

Answer 5

False. Only painful if there is a current infection or flare up

Question 6

Which patients are at high risk of developing acute rheumatic fever from a sore throat

Answer 6

Those aged 2-25 in at risk communities, those with existing rheumatic heart disease and those with scarlet fever

Question 7

Swab test for high risk patients is testing for which pathogen?

Answer 7

S. pyrogenes

Question 8

Signs of bacterial sore throat?

Answer 8

Fever and tonsillar exudate

Question 9

How long should Tx for eradication of s. Pyrogenes be? To prevent rheumatic fever development

Answer 9

10 days with phenoxymethylpenicilin

Question 10

What does acute rheumatic fever cause?

Answer 10

Inflammation of heart valves, brain and joints.

Brain and joints will be permanently damaged and the heart might not recover either - leading to rheumatic heart disease

Question 11

Most common age group for glandular fever?

Answer 11

15-25

Question 12

Virus that causes glandular fever?

Answer 12

Epstein-Barr Virus - EBV

Question 13

Discuss the reaction between EBV and antibiotics

Answer 13

If the patient takes amoxicillin and gets a rash, it could be indicative of EBV. This is because the amoxicillin reacts with EBV to get a rash. Rash is not from penicillin hypersensitivity

Question 14

Function of the Eustachian tube?

Answer 14

Ventilates and drains the middle ear to maintain pressure

Question 15

Colloquial name for acute otitis media?

Answer 15

Glue ear

Question 16

2 Sx needed for diagnosis with acute otitis media?

Answer 16

Pain AND inflammation

Question 17

What percentage of acute otitis media cases are viral?

Answer 17

25%

Question 18

Child behaviours that might indicate pain?

Answer 18

Tugging or rubbing at the ear + generally irritable

Question 19

How often are antibiotics given for bacterial otitis media?

Answer 19

Very rarely. Only if extremely high fever, babies younger than 6 months or Sx lasting longer than 48 hours

Question 20

How long are otitis media Sx usually troublesome for?

Answer 20

Less than 24 hours

Question 21

Purpose of a grommet?

Answer 21

Placed in the ear drum to help ventilate and drain the Eustachian tube

Question 22

Prevention tips for otitis media?

Answer 22

Breast feed, blow nose gently, upright position while bottle feeding, limit dummy use

Question 23

Treatment for bacterial sore throat? (Tonsillitis or pharyngitis)

Answer 23

Phenoxymethylpenicilin 500mg bd

Question 24

Is chronic sinusitis painful?

Answer 24

No. Only if there is an infection or flare up