Urology Malignant Pathology

Question 1

what are the three classes of malignant urothelial carcinoma?

Answer 1

papillary urothelial non invasive
urothelial carciinoma in situ
invasive carcinoma of urthelial

Question 2

what is the rare bladder tumor that is more common outside of US?

Answer 2

squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

Question 3

what is a frequent complication of renal pelvis and ureteral carcinoma?

Answer 3

kidney obstruction

Question 4

what is the most common renal tumor?

Answer 4

renal cell carcinoma

Question 5

what type of cancer is RCC?

Answer 5

adenocarcinoma

Question 6

what are the four subtypes of RCC?

Answer 6

clear cell
papillary
clear cell papillary
chromophobe

Question 7

what is most common subtype of RCC?

Answer 7

clear cell

Question 8

how does the mass appear in RCC?

Answer 8

it is a solid mass in the kidney

Question 9

what color are clear cell RCCs and why?

Answer 9

orangish yellow because of lipid in the tumor cells

Question 10

how does a papillary RCC appear grossly?

Answer 10

multifocal lesions that are solid with papilary appearance

Question 11

what does histo look like in clear cell RCC?

Answer 11

clear cells lol

Question 12

what does histo look like in papillary RCC?

Answer 12

numerous papillary structures with central lighter staining

Question 13

what syndrome is associated with clear cell papillary RCC?

Answer 13

von Hippel Lindau

Question 14

what are oncocytomas made of?

Answer 14

closely packed epithelial cells

Question 15

what is the color characteristic of an oncocytoma?

Answer 15

eosinophilic because of abundance of mitochondria

Question 16

where do oncocytomas arise from?

Answer 16

the intercalated cells of the CD

Question 17

where do angiomyolipoma often arise from?

Answer 17

renal capsule

Question 18

what is angiomyolipoma associated with often?

Answer 18

tuberous sclerosis

Question 19

what is the pediatric renal tumor?

Answer 19

Wilms tumor

Question 20

what type of tumor is WIlms tumor?

Answer 20

nephroblastoma

Question 21

what is Wilms tumor made up of/

Answer 21

primitive glomerular structures and tubules

Question 22

what are the three tumor markers for testicular cancer?

Answer 22

AFP
bHCG
LDH

Question 23

what are the four non seminoma germ cell tumors?

Answer 23

yolk sac
choriocarcinoma
teratoma
embryonal carcinoma

Question 24

what tumor marker is usually positive in seminoma?

Answer 24

LDH

Question 25

how does seminoma appear under microscope?

Answer 25

uniform larger tumor cells with lymphocytes

Question 26

what is common with non seminoma testicular cancers that isnt very common with seminoma?s

Answer 26

hemorrhage and necrosis

Question 27

what is the least differentiated testicular cancer?

Answer 27

embryonal carcinoma

Question 28

what is embryonal carcinoma positive for?

Answer 28

nothing…negative for hcg and afp

Question 29

what is a yolk sac tumor positive for?

Answer 29

AFP

Question 30

what is a choriocarcinoma positive for?

Answer 30

HCG

Question 31

what is a choriocarcinoma derived from?

Answer 31

placenta

Question 32

what is a teratoma positive for?

Answer 32

nothing…negative for hcg and afp

Question 33

what are the two non germ cell tumors of the testis?

Answer 33

sertoli and leydig tumors

Question 34

what is squamous cell penile cancer often associated with?

Answer 34

HPV 16 and 18

Question 35

if penile cancer isnt associated with HPV, then what else might it be associated with?

Answer 35

chronic inflammatory states like lichen planus and balanitis