Cervical Cancer Flashcards
name four risk factors for cervical cancer
early age first sex multiple sex partners cigs HIV chronic steroid use
what happens when someone usually gets HPV?
infection is cleared
what is structure of HPV?
double stranded circular DNA virus
what cells does HPV get into?
basal epithelial cells
name the two high risk HPVs
16 18
describe how HPV causes issues in cells?
E6 and E7 exons affect host regulatory proteins like Rb and p53
in HPV cancer, where is viral genoma?
it is integrated into the human genome
when do we start pap smear screening?
age 21
a pap smear is a sample of what two things?
ecto and endo cervix
the ectocervix is what type of epithelium?
stratified squamous
what are the four epithelial layers of the ectocervix?
superficial intermediate parabasal and basal
what is epithelium of the endocervix?
columnar mucinous epithelium
name the cytologic features of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
perinuclear clearing with enlarged nuclei
name the cytologic features of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
very enlarged nuclei with high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio
what is seen sytologically with cervical adenocarcinoma?
nuclear enlargement
increased nuclear to cytoplasm ratio
nuclear elongation
rosette formation
when do you start co testing? that means do HPV dna test and pap smear
at 30 years old
what is next step if HPV is positive and have some form of abnormal cellularity?
colposcopy
what do you apply during a colposcopy?
acetic acid
low grade squamous cell (LSIL) involves what part of epithelium?
basal 1/3
CIN 3 or HSIL, involves what part of the epithelium
?
entire thickness of the epithelium
CIN 2 HSIL involves what part of the epithelium?
only about 1/2
an HSIL on cytology can be what two things on histo?
CIN 2 or 3 or cancer
an LSIL on cytology can be what on histo?
CIN 1 or CIN 2/3
what are the two diagnostic cervical surgical techniques?
cold knife cone biopsy
loop electro diathermy excisional procedure (LEEP)
