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Repro Week 3 > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

1
Q

is the vaginal pH higher or lower in adolescence?

A

higher pH

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2
Q

why is vaginal pH higher in adolescence?

A

fewer lactobacilli

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3
Q

what is the good guy in normal flora of vagina?

A

lactobacillius `

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4
Q

where is the squamocolumnar jxn in adult females?

A

within the cervix canal

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5
Q

where is the squamocolumnar jxn in adolescent females?

A

at entrance to cervix

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6
Q

which location of the squamocolumnar jxn is worse for getting diseasE?

A

adolescent

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7
Q

name the four bacteria that are STIs

A

neisseria gono
chalmydia
treponema pallidum
haemophilus ducreyi

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8
Q

what is the protozoa that can cause STI?

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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9
Q

name the viruses that can cause STI?

A 
HIV
HPV
HSV 1/2
HBV
CMV
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10
Q

what three bugs cause genital ulcers?

A

HSV12
syphilus
haemophilus ducreyi

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11
Q

what three bugs cause mucosal inflammation?

A

gono
chlamydia
trichomonas vaginalis

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12
Q

what three issues can neonates have if infected from vaginal flora during birth?

A

conjunctivitis
respiratory infxn
genital infxn

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13
Q

what is often associated with STIs and is sevre issue?

A

PID

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14
Q

what class of bacteria is treponmal pallidum?

A

spirochetes

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15
Q

what is descriptive features of n gono?

A

gram negative diplococci

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16
Q

what is presentation of n gono in men?

A

urethral infection…urethritis

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17
Q

what is presenting symptom of n gono in men?

A

dysuria…with urethral discharge sometimes

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18
Q

where will the n gono species be found in gram stain?

A

intracellular

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19
Q

what is rx for gonococcal conjunctivitis of newborns?

A

silver nitrate and antibiotic ointment prophylactically

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20
Q

what is a random thing n gono can cause?

A

DGI..disseminated gonococcal infection

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21
Q

is neiserria gono encapsulated?

A

NO

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22
Q

is neisseria meningitis encapsulated?

A

YES

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23
Q

what is N gono really good at doing?

A

horizontal DNA transmission…take up DNA from other organisms

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24
Q

what does N gono have a lot of that makes it difficult to treat?

A

antigenic variation

antibiotic resistance

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25
Q

what is most effective abx for n gono?

A

ceftriaxone…3rd gen cephalosporins

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26
Q

what else other than ceftriaxone do you give in rx of n gono? why?

A

azithromycin to cover chlamydia

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27
Q

what cells do chlamydia infect?

A

columnar epithelial cells

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28
Q

what are the three different strains of chlamydia trachomatis?

A

ocular
genital
LGV

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29
Q

what is LGV chlamydia trachomatis?

A

lymphogranuloma

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30
Q

what serovars are the ocular chlamydia trachomatis?

A

A-C

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31
Q

what happens with ocular chlamydia trachomatis?

A

inflammation of the eye

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32
Q

what serovars are genital strains of chlamydia trachomatis?

A

D-K

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33
Q

what issues arise with genital chlamydia trachomatis?

A 
urethritis
cervicitis
PID
conjunctivitis
pneumonia
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34
Q

what does rectal chlamydia trachomatis infection cause?

A

proctitis in men

35
Q

is secretion of chlamydia more or less purulent than n gono?

A

a lot less..can almost look like clear discharge

36
Q

what are the two forms of chlamydia trachomatis in its life cycle? which is infectious?

A

elementary body and reticulate body…elementary body is infectiou s

37
Q

what are the two abx for chlamydia trachomatis?

A

azithromycin and doxycycline

38
Q

which bacteria can you not culture that is an STI?

A

syphillis

39
Q

what three STIs is serology useful for?

A

syphilis HIV and HSV

40
Q

what are NAATs?

A

nucleic acid amplification tests

41
Q

what do we use NAATs for in STIs?

A

many many of them

42
Q

what are the four stages of syphilis in order

A

primary infxn
secondary infxn
latent
tertiary infxn

43
Q

what is characteristic of primary syphilis?

A

genital ulcers

44
Q

what is characteristic of secondary syphilis?r

A

reappearance of lesions and especially on hands and feet

45
Q

what is characteristic of tertiary syphilis?

A

can occur anywhere…when you get neurosyphilis

46
Q

is a syphilis chancre painful?

A

NO painless

47
Q

how soon after primary syphilis chancre disappears do you get secondary syphilis?

A

3-6 weeks

48
Q

what are the systemic symptoms of secondary syphilis?

A 
malaise
myalgias
fever
HA
lymphadenopathy
sore throat
49
Q

how can you diagnose latent syphilis?

A

blood test only

50
Q

what are the three findings of congenital syphilis?

A

bone eye ear and brain damage

51
Q

what is the classic congenital syphilis finding?

A

hutchinsons incisors

52
Q

what is bug ofsyphilis?

A

treponema pallidum

53
Q

what does treponema pallidum not have?

A

LPS

54
Q

what are the two ab types that develop in syphilis?

A

non treponemal and treponemal

55
Q

which of the abs for syphilis is specific and which is sensitive?

A

non treponema is sensitive and treponemal are specific

56
Q

describe what happens with treponemal abs over time?

A

they increase and stay elevated for life

57
Q

describe what happens with non- treponemal abs over time?

A

they elevated at first and then become negative after treatment

58
Q

what abs do you follow to see if syphilis rx is working?

A

non treponemal abs

59
Q

what are the non treponemal tests for syphilis?

A

RPR and VDRL

60
Q

what are the treponemal tests for syphilis?

A

TPPA and Tp ELISA

61
Q

what syphilis test is done first?

A

a non treponemal then followed by a treponemal if positive

62
Q

what is therapy for syphilis?

A

penicillin

63
Q

where does trichomoniasis vaginalis often infect?

A

vagina urethra and endocervix

64
Q

what are symptoms of trichomoniasis vaginalis?

A

vaginal discharge, itching, odor, dysuria

65
Q

what does vaginal discharge of trichomoniasis vaginalis look like?

A

frothy

66
Q

what is cervical finding in trichomoniasis vaginalis?

A

strawberry cervix

67
Q

what class of bugs is trichomoniasis vaginalis?

A

is a protozoan

68
Q

how do you diagnose trichomoniasis vaginalis?

A

wet mount microscopy, culture or rapid antigen detection and NAATs

69
Q

what is issue with wet mount microscopy?

A

must be done 15 minutes after collection

70
Q

what is rx for trichomoniasis vaginalis?

A

metronidazole and tinidazole

71
Q

what is issue in bacterial vaginosis?

A

disturbance of local flora in vagina

72
Q

what are risk factors for bacterial vaginosis?

A

new sex partner
many partners
douching

73
Q

what is shape of lactobacillus?

A

gram positive rods

74
Q

what will you likely not see in bacterial vaginosis?

A

absence of lactobacilli

75
Q

what cells will you see in bacterial vaginosis that is a sign?

A

clue cells

76
Q

what are clue cells?

A

epithelial cells studded with bacteria in bacterial vaginosis

77
Q

what bugs replace lactobacillus in bacterial vaginosis?

A

gardnerella vaginalis and atopobium vaginae

78
Q

what are symptms of bacterial vaginosis?

A

discharge of vagina and stanky

79
Q

what are the four clinical signs of bacterial vaginosis?

A

clue cells
high vaginal ph
discharge that smoothly coats vaginal walls
positive whiff test

80
Q

how do you do whiff test?

A

drop some KOH on the vaginal fluid and you get a stank

81
Q

what is rx for BV?

A

metronidazole and clindamycin

82
Q

what is classic finding of candida?

A

germ tube formation

83
Q

what are two complaints common for candida infxn downstairs?

A

itching and irritation

84
Q

can you have discharge with candidiasis of vagina?

A

not normally but if you do it is thick and adherent

Repro Week 3 (10 decks)

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