STIs

Question 1

is the vaginal pH higher or lower in adolescence?

Answer 1

higher pH

Question 2

why is vaginal pH higher in adolescence?

Answer 2

fewer lactobacilli

Question 3

what is the good guy in normal flora of vagina?

Answer 3

lactobacillius `

Question 4

where is the squamocolumnar jxn in adult females?

Answer 4

within the cervix canal

Question 5

where is the squamocolumnar jxn in adolescent females?

Answer 5

at entrance to cervix

Question 6

which location of the squamocolumnar jxn is worse for getting diseasE?

Answer 6

adolescent

Question 7

name the four bacteria that are STIs

Answer 7

neisseria gono
chalmydia
treponema pallidum
haemophilus ducreyi

Question 8

what is the protozoa that can cause STI?

Answer 8

trichomonas vaginalis

Question 9

name the viruses that can cause STI?

Answer 9

HIV
HPV
HSV 1/2
HBV
CMV

Question 10

what three bugs cause genital ulcers?

Answer 10

HSV12
syphilus
haemophilus ducreyi

Question 11

what three bugs cause mucosal inflammation?

Answer 11

gono
chlamydia
trichomonas vaginalis

Question 12

what three issues can neonates have if infected from vaginal flora during birth?

Answer 12

conjunctivitis
respiratory infxn
genital infxn

Question 13

what is often associated with STIs and is sevre issue?

Answer 13

PID

Question 14

what class of bacteria is treponmal pallidum?

Answer 14

spirochetes

Question 15

what is descriptive features of n gono?

Answer 15

gram negative diplococci

Question 16

what is presentation of n gono in men?

Answer 16

urethral infection…urethritis

Question 17

what is presenting symptom of n gono in men?

Answer 17

dysuria…with urethral discharge sometimes

Question 18

where will the n gono species be found in gram stain?

Answer 18

intracellular

Question 19

what is rx for gonococcal conjunctivitis of newborns?

Answer 19

silver nitrate and antibiotic ointment prophylactically

Question 20

what is a random thing n gono can cause?

Answer 20

DGI..disseminated gonococcal infection

Question 21

is neiserria gono encapsulated?

Answer 21

NO

Question 22

is neisseria meningitis encapsulated?

Answer 22

YES

Question 23

what is N gono really good at doing?

Answer 23

horizontal DNA transmission…take up DNA from other organisms

Question 24

what does N gono have a lot of that makes it difficult to treat?

Answer 24

antigenic variation

antibiotic resistance

Question 25

what is most effective abx for n gono?

Answer 25

ceftriaxone...3rd gen cephalosporins

Question 26

what else other than ceftriaxone do you give in rx of n gono? why?

Answer 26

azithromycin to cover chlamydia

Question 27

what cells do chlamydia infect?

Answer 27

columnar epithelial cells

Question 28

what are the three different strains of chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 28

ocular genital LGV

Question 29

what is LGV chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 29

lymphogranuloma

Question 30

what serovars are the ocular chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 30

A-C

Question 31

what happens with ocular chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 31

inflammation of the eye

Question 32

what serovars are genital strains of chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 32

D-K

Question 33

what issues arise with genital chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 33

``` urethritis cervicitis PID conjunctivitis pneumonia ```

Question 34

what does rectal chlamydia trachomatis infection cause?

Answer 34

proctitis in men

Question 35

is secretion of chlamydia more or less purulent than n gono?

Answer 35

a lot less..can almost look like clear discharge

Question 36

what are the two forms of chlamydia trachomatis in its life cycle? which is infectious?

Answer 36

elementary body and reticulate body...elementary body is infectiou s

Question 37

what are the two abx for chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 37

azithromycin and doxycycline

Question 38

which bacteria can you not culture that is an STI?

Answer 38

syphillis

Question 39

what three STIs is serology useful for?

Answer 39

syphilis HIV and HSV

Question 40

what are NAATs?

Answer 40

nucleic acid amplification tests

Question 41

what do we use NAATs for in STIs?

Answer 41

many many of them

Question 42

what are the four stages of syphilis in order

Answer 42

primary infxn secondary infxn latent tertiary infxn

Question 43

what is characteristic of primary syphilis?

Answer 43

genital ulcers

Question 44

what is characteristic of secondary syphilis?r

Answer 44

reappearance of lesions and especially on hands and feet

Question 45

what is characteristic of tertiary syphilis?

Answer 45

can occur anywhere...when you get neurosyphilis

Question 46

is a syphilis chancre painful?

Answer 46

NO painless

Question 47

how soon after primary syphilis chancre disappears do you get secondary syphilis?

Answer 47

3-6 weeks

Question 48

what are the systemic symptoms of secondary syphilis?

Answer 48

``` malaise myalgias fever HA lymphadenopathy sore throat ```

Question 49

how can you diagnose latent syphilis?

Answer 49

blood test only

Question 50

what are the three findings of congenital syphilis?

Answer 50

bone eye ear and brain damage

Question 51

what is the classic congenital syphilis finding?

Answer 51

hutchinsons incisors

Question 52

what is bug ofsyphilis?

Answer 52

treponema pallidum

Question 53

what does treponema pallidum not have?

Answer 53

LPS

Question 54

what are the two ab types that develop in syphilis?

Answer 54

non treponemal and treponemal

Question 55

which of the abs for syphilis is specific and which is sensitive?

Answer 55

non treponema is sensitive and treponemal are specific

Question 56

describe what happens with treponemal abs over time?

Answer 56

they increase and stay elevated for life

Question 57

describe what happens with non- treponemal abs over time?

Answer 57

they elevated at first and then become negative after treatment

Question 58

what abs do you follow to see if syphilis rx is working?

Answer 58

non treponemal abs

Question 59

what are the non treponemal tests for syphilis?

Answer 59

RPR and VDRL

Question 60

what are the treponemal tests for syphilis?

Answer 60

TPPA and Tp ELISA

Question 61

what syphilis test is done first?

Answer 61

a non treponemal then followed by a treponemal if positive

Question 62

what is therapy for syphilis?

Answer 62

penicillin

Question 63

where does trichomoniasis vaginalis often infect?

Answer 63

vagina urethra and endocervix

Question 64

what are symptoms of trichomoniasis vaginalis?

Answer 64

vaginal discharge, itching, odor, dysuria

Question 65

what does vaginal discharge of trichomoniasis vaginalis look like?

Answer 65

frothy

Question 66

what is cervical finding in trichomoniasis vaginalis?

Answer 66

strawberry cervix

Question 67

what class of bugs is trichomoniasis vaginalis?

Answer 67

is a protozoan

Question 68

how do you diagnose trichomoniasis vaginalis?

Answer 68

wet mount microscopy, culture or rapid antigen detection and NAATs

Question 69

what is issue with wet mount microscopy?

Answer 69

must be done 15 minutes after collection

Question 70

what is rx for trichomoniasis vaginalis?

Answer 70

metronidazole and tinidazole

Question 71

what is issue in bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 71

disturbance of local flora in vagina

Question 72

what are risk factors for bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 72

new sex partner many partners douching

Question 73

what is shape of lactobacillus?

Answer 73

gram positive rods

Question 74

what will you likely not see in bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 74

absence of lactobacilli

Question 75

what cells will you see in bacterial vaginosis that is a sign?

Answer 75

clue cells

Question 76

what are clue cells?

Answer 76

epithelial cells studded with bacteria in bacterial vaginosis

Question 77

what bugs replace lactobacillus in bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 77

gardnerella vaginalis and atopobium vaginae

Question 78

what are symptms of bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 78

discharge of vagina and stanky

Question 79

what are the four clinical signs of bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 79

clue cells high vaginal ph discharge that smoothly coats vaginal walls positive whiff test

Question 80

how do you do whiff test?

Answer 80

drop some KOH on the vaginal fluid and you get a stank

Question 81

what is rx for BV?

Answer 81

metronidazole and clindamycin

Question 82

what is classic finding of candida?

Answer 82

germ tube formation

Question 83

what are two complaints common for candida infxn downstairs?

Answer 83

itching and irritation

Question 84

can you have discharge with candidiasis of vagina?

Answer 84

not normally but if you do it is thick and adherent