Urology and nephrology Flashcards
1st line BPH Mx
tamsulosin
alpha blocker
dry ejactulation- inhibits release of semen
oxybutynin
SE?
works in overactive bladder
dry eyes
dry mouth
painless swelling
irreducible, cystic, left sided swelling which transilluminates
hydrocele
epididymitis
red, swollen, painful, cremasteric reflex
throbbing gets better by lifting testicle
urine infections
on examination testicular swelling feels like a bag of worms
if this is on the left side why is it significant?
varicocele
inguinal hernia
can’t get above swelling
cough
PCNL - Mx of Kidney
staghorn
shock wave lithrotrispy
8/9mm
JJ stent
dilates ureter
any intervention
painless, hard, irregular,
unreducable and there is no abnormality on left side
testicular seminoma / teratoma
which testicular tumour is more common
germ cells tumour
seminoma > teratoma
what is the bowel cancer marker?
CEA
why does creatinine increase with prostate cancer
urinary retention
hydronephrosis - trigone and blocks ureters
important ddx for a 57yr with new onset left varicocele
RCC due to drainage of left gonadal vein into renal vein which is blocked
testicular torsion
ages
around 2 years
12-15 second peak upto 25
Torsion of these structures is more common in a younger age group than testicular torsion, and the scrotum is usually less erythematous with a normal lie of the testis.
The ‘blue dot’ sign may be present in the upper half of the hemiscrotum, which is the visible infarcted hydatid
The hydatid of Morgagni is a remnant of the Mullerian duct and is a common testicular appendage. This structure can also become torted, presenting with similar sudden onset pain.
What is diclofenac?
NSAID used in pain relief for kidney stones
How long from onset can testicular torsion be saved?
6 hours
Causative agent for epididymitis
> 35?
Chlamydia
Gonorrhoea
Klebsiella, e.coli
What drug can cause epididymitis and orchitis
Amiodarone
Why does coughing exaggerate varicocele
Abdo pressure increases
What is the surgery for testicular torsion
Bilateral orchidopexy
Testicular cancer markers?
LDH
A feta protein
B HCg
Causative agent for UTI?
Mx?
E. coli
Nitrofurantoin
Which kidney stone is not visible on Xray?
Urate
What anti emetic in renal colic?
Ondansetron
Mx of renal stones if less than 10< mm
Tansu login - alpha blocker
peritoneal dialysis peritonitis most common causative agent
staph epidermis
abdominal pain, fever, and a cloudy dialysis bag
peritoneal dialysis peritonitis
causes of graft failure?
HTN
atherosclerosis
which uti drug can cause an isolated rise in creatinine and why?
trimethoprim as it competes with creatinine for secretion into renal tubes
minimal change nephrotic syndrome how long mx?
12 week course of prednisolone
minimal change is effacement of
golmerular podocyte processes - high resolution electron microscopy
IgA gold standard diagnosis?
renal biopsy which would show mesangium IgA deposition
what does gas on CT intra parenchymal space suggest? kidneys?
Pyelonephritis as invading bacteria produce gas as a by product of anaerobic respiration
how is pyelonephritis managed?
inpatient with IV cephalosporin / quinolone / gentamicin
nephrotic syndrome can predispose to what?
pleural effusions
in nephrotic syndrome proteins are lost - albumin
intravascular oncotic pressure is reduced
= non dependent oedema
how is diclofenac given?
Im
post strep glomerulonephritis electron microscopy finding?
IgG
c3 subepithelial depsoition
tacrolimus SE?
tremor
women with UTI
trying to get pregnant
G6PD deficient abx?
cefalexin
