Urology and nephrology

Question 1

1st line BPH Mx

Answer 1

tamsulosin
alpha blocker

dry ejactulation- inhibits release of semen

Question 2

oxybutynin

SE?

Answer 2

works in overactive bladder
dry eyes
dry mouth

Question 3

painless swelling

irreducible, cystic, left sided swelling which transilluminates

Answer 3

hydrocele

Question 4

epididymitis

Answer 4

red, swollen, painful, cremasteric reflex
throbbing gets better by lifting testicle

urine infections

Question 5

on examination testicular swelling feels like a bag of worms

if this is on the left side why is it significant?

Answer 5

varicocele

Question 6

inguinal hernia

Answer 6

can’t get above swelling

cough

Question 7

PCNL - Mx of Kidney

Answer 7

staghorn

Question 8

shock wave lithrotrispy

Answer 8

8/9mm

Question 9

JJ stent

Answer 9

dilates ureter

any intervention

Question 10

painless, hard, irregular,

unreducable and there is no abnormality on left side

Answer 10

testicular seminoma / teratoma

Question 11

which testicular tumour is more common

Answer 11

germ cells tumour

seminoma > teratoma

Question 12

what is the bowel cancer marker?

Answer 12

CEA

Question 13

why does creatinine increase with prostate cancer

Answer 13

urinary retention

hydronephrosis - trigone and blocks ureters

Question 14

important ddx for a 57yr with new onset left varicocele

Answer 14

RCC due to drainage of left gonadal vein into renal vein which is blocked

Question 15

testicular torsion

ages

Answer 15

around 2 years

12-15 second peak upto 25

Question 16

Torsion of these structures is more common in a younger age group than testicular torsion, and the scrotum is usually less erythematous with a normal lie of the testis.

The ‘blue dot’ sign may be present in the upper half of the hemiscrotum, which is the visible infarcted hydatid

Answer 16

The hydatid of Morgagni is a remnant of the Mullerian duct and is a common testicular appendage. This structure can also become torted, presenting with similar sudden onset pain.

Question 17

What is diclofenac?

Answer 17

NSAID used in pain relief for kidney stones

Question 18

How long from onset can testicular torsion be saved?

Answer 18

6 hours

Question 19

Causative agent for epididymitis

> 35?

Answer 19

Chlamydia
Gonorrhoea

Klebsiella, e.coli

Question 20

What drug can cause epididymitis and orchitis

Answer 20

Amiodarone

Question 21

Why does coughing exaggerate varicocele

Answer 21

Abdo pressure increases

Question 22

What is the surgery for testicular torsion

Answer 22

Bilateral orchidopexy

Question 23

Testicular cancer markers?

Answer 23

LDH
A feta protein
B HCg

Question 24

Causative agent for UTI?

Mx?

Answer 24

E. coli

Nitrofurantoin

Question 25

Which kidney stone is not visible on Xray?

Answer 25

Urate

Question 26

What anti emetic in renal colic?

Answer 26

Ondansetron

Question 27

Mx of renal stones if less than 10< mm

Answer 27

Tansu login - alpha blocker

Question 28

peritoneal dialysis peritonitis most common causative agent

Answer 28

staph epidermis

Question 29

abdominal pain, fever, and a cloudy dialysis bag

Answer 29

peritoneal dialysis peritonitis

Question 30

causes of graft failure?

Answer 30

HTN | atherosclerosis

Question 31

which uti drug can cause an isolated rise in creatinine and why?

Answer 31

trimethoprim as it competes with creatinine for secretion into renal tubes

Question 32

minimal change nephrotic syndrome how long mx?

Answer 32

12 week course of prednisolone

Question 33

minimal change is effacement of

Answer 33

golmerular podocyte processes - high resolution electron microscopy

Question 34

IgA gold standard diagnosis?

Answer 34

renal biopsy which would show mesangium IgA deposition

Question 35

what does gas on CT intra parenchymal space suggest? kidneys?

Answer 35

Pyelonephritis as invading bacteria produce gas as a by product of anaerobic respiration

Question 36

how is pyelonephritis managed?

Answer 36

inpatient with IV cephalosporin / quinolone / gentamicin

Question 37

nephrotic syndrome can predispose to what?

Answer 37

pleural effusions in nephrotic syndrome proteins are lost - albumin intravascular oncotic pressure is reduced = non dependent oedema

Question 38

how is diclofenac given?

Answer 38

Im

Question 39

post strep glomerulonephritis electron microscopy finding?

Answer 39

IgG | c3 subepithelial depsoition

Question 40

tacrolimus SE?

Answer 40

tremor

Question 41

women with UTI trying to get pregnant G6PD deficient abx?

Answer 41

cefalexin