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Year 3 difficult topics > Urology and nephrology > Flashcards

Urology and nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

1st line BPH Mx

A

tamsulosin
alpha blocker

dry ejactulation- inhibits release of semen

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2
Q

oxybutynin

SE?

A

works in overactive bladder
dry eyes
dry mouth

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3
Q

painless swelling

irreducible, cystic, left sided swelling which transilluminates

A

hydrocele

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4
Q

epididymitis

A

red, swollen, painful, cremasteric reflex
throbbing gets better by lifting testicle

urine infections

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5
Q

on examination testicular swelling feels like a bag of worms

if this is on the left side why is it significant?

A

varicocele

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6
Q

inguinal hernia

A

can’t get above swelling

cough

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7
Q

PCNL - Mx of Kidney

A

staghorn

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8
Q

shock wave lithrotrispy

A

8/9mm

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9
Q

JJ stent

A

dilates ureter

any intervention

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10
Q

painless, hard, irregular,

unreducable and there is no abnormality on left side

A

testicular seminoma / teratoma

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11
Q

which testicular tumour is more common

A

germ cells tumour

seminoma > teratoma

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12
Q

what is the bowel cancer marker?

A

CEA

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13
Q

why does creatinine increase with prostate cancer

A

urinary retention

hydronephrosis - trigone and blocks ureters

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14
Q

important ddx for a 57yr with new onset left varicocele

A

RCC due to drainage of left gonadal vein into renal vein which is blocked

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15
Q

testicular torsion

ages

A

around 2 years

12-15 second peak upto 25

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16
Q

Torsion of these structures is more common in a younger age group than testicular torsion, and the scrotum is usually less erythematous with a normal lie of the testis.

The ‘blue dot’ sign may be present in the upper half of the hemiscrotum, which is the visible infarcted hydatid

A

The hydatid of Morgagni is a remnant of the Mullerian duct and is a common testicular appendage. This structure can also become torted, presenting with similar sudden onset pain.

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17
Q

What is diclofenac?

A

NSAID used in pain relief for kidney stones

18
Q

How long from onset can testicular torsion be saved?

A

6 hours

19
Q

Causative agent for epididymitis

> 35?

A

Chlamydia
Gonorrhoea

Klebsiella, e.coli

20
Q

What drug can cause epididymitis and orchitis

A

Amiodarone

21
Q

Why does coughing exaggerate varicocele

A

Abdo pressure increases

22
Q

What is the surgery for testicular torsion

A

Bilateral orchidopexy

23
Q

Testicular cancer markers?

A

LDH
A feta protein
B HCg

24
Q

Causative agent for UTI?

Mx?

A

E. coli

Nitrofurantoin

25
Q

Which kidney stone is not visible on Xray?

A

Urate

26
Q

What anti emetic in renal colic?

A

Ondansetron

27
Q

Mx of renal stones if less than 10< mm

A

Tansu login - alpha blocker

28
Q

peritoneal dialysis peritonitis most common causative agent

A

staph epidermis

29
Q

abdominal pain, fever, and a cloudy dialysis bag

A

peritoneal dialysis peritonitis

30
Q

causes of graft failure?

A

HTN

atherosclerosis

31
Q

which uti drug can cause an isolated rise in creatinine and why?

A

trimethoprim as it competes with creatinine for secretion into renal tubes

32
Q

minimal change nephrotic syndrome how long mx?

A

12 week course of prednisolone

33
Q

minimal change is effacement of

A

golmerular podocyte processes - high resolution electron microscopy

34
Q

IgA gold standard diagnosis?

A

renal biopsy which would show mesangium IgA deposition

35
Q

what does gas on CT intra parenchymal space suggest? kidneys?

A

Pyelonephritis as invading bacteria produce gas as a by product of anaerobic respiration

36
Q

how is pyelonephritis managed?

A

inpatient with IV cephalosporin / quinolone / gentamicin

37
Q

nephrotic syndrome can predispose to what?

A

pleural effusions
in nephrotic syndrome proteins are lost - albumin
intravascular oncotic pressure is reduced
= non dependent oedema

38
Q

how is diclofenac given?

A

Im

39
Q

post strep glomerulonephritis electron microscopy finding?

A

IgG

c3 subepithelial depsoition

40
Q

tacrolimus SE?

A

tremor

41
Q

women with UTI
trying to get pregnant
G6PD deficient abx?

A

cefalexin

Year 3 difficult topics (22 decks)

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