Bacterial / viral / fungal diagnostic

Question 1

if bacteria stays purple is it gram positive or negative?

what does it mean does the bacteria have a cell wall?

Answer 1

stain is coloured purple so if bacteria remains purple then it is gram positive

gram positive means a thick cell wall/ peptidoglycan

Question 2

what are the two most common shapes of bacteria?

Answer 2

ROD- bacillus
E.Coli, Salmonella , klebsiella

Cocci: staphlycoccus aureus , streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 3

small chains of purple stained bacteria would be what organism

Answer 3

streptococcal infection

Question 4

large cocci that are gram positive would suggest?

Answer 4

staphylococcus aureus

Question 5

what antibiotics inhibit toxin production?

group A strep

Answer 5

clindamycin

Question 6

type 1 necrotising fasciitis abx

Answer 6

polymicrobial
piperacillin
tazobactam
cephalosporin

Question 7

type 2 necrotising fasciitis

strep A

Answer 7

clindamycin

penicillin

Question 8

if someone is allergic to penicillin what other abx

Answer 8

vancomycin

Question 9

common causative agent for cellulitis?

Answer 9

streptococcus pyogenes

staphy aureus

Question 10

first line for severe infection of cellulitis

Answer 10

IV flucloxacillin
or IV clary if patient has penicillin allergy

oral antibiotics after 48hr

Question 11

acid fast bacilli cause a certain granulomatous disease of the respiratory system

what condition?
what bacteria?

Answer 11

mycobacterium tuberculosis

tuberculosis

Question 12

thrush causative agent

Answer 12

candida albicans

Question 13

clinical fetures of candidiasis

Answer 13

itching
white curdly discharge dysuria

redness, fissuring

men: pruritus

Question 14

Gram-negative rods

Answer 14

Escherichia coli, Salmonella

Question 15

Gram-negative cocci

Answer 15

Neisseria gonorrhoea and Neisseria meningitides

Question 16

why would someone be in status epilepticus - most common cause?
especially in an alcoholic

Answer 16

low antiepileptic drug

chronic alcohol abuse can induce cytochrome 450 = lower phenytoin levels

so just due to low drug levels - always check

Question 17

acute gout mx?

Answer 17

Start allopurinol at least 2 weeks after the acute attack has settled
with NSAID cover and increase until his urate level is below 300 μmol/L

or start with colchicine