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Paediatrics > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

What is UDT?

A

Underdeveloped testes

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2
Q

What are systemic features of urological problems?

A 
Vomiting
Failure to thrive
Anaemia
Hypertension
Renal failure
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3
Q

What are localised features of urological problems?

A 
Pain
Changes in urine
Abnormal voiding
Mass
Visible abnormalities
Incidental
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4
Q

Where can a lot of urological problems be picked up?

A

Antenatally

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5
Q

Where is swelling in a hernia?

A

Groin

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6
Q

How is hernia managed?

A

Urgent referral if <1year and repair

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7
Q

What is done with incarcerated hernia?

A

Reduce and repair

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8
Q

What causes inguinal hernia?

A

Loop of bowel

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9
Q

What is hydrocele?

A

Scrotal swelling

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10
Q

What are features of hydrocele?

A 
Common in newborns
Increases with crying, straining
Painless
Bluish colour
Transilluminated
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11
Q

How is hydrocele managed?

A

Wait and see

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12
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Testis that cannot be manipulated to the bottom half of scrotum

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13
Q

What are different types of cryptorchidism?

A

True cryptorchidism - not fully descended
Retractile
Ectopic - in the wrong place
Ascending testis

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14
Q

What are indications for orchidopexy?

A 
Fertility
Malignancy
Trauma
Torsion
Cosmetic
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15
Q

What are indications for circumcision?

A

Balanitis xerotica obliterans - absolute
Balanoprosthitis
Religious
UTI

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16
Q

What is the acute scrotum?

A

General term for testicular pain

17
Q

What are important diagnoses for acute scrotum?

A

Torsion testis
Torsion appendix testis
Epidiymitis

18
Q

How long do we have to treat acute scrotum?

A

6-8 hours from onset

19
Q

What is the most important reason to prevent UTI?

A

Prevent renal scarring

20
Q

How is UTI defined?

A

Urinal bacteria of >10^5 with pyuria

21
Q

How is UTI assessed?

A

History and examination - family history, bowel habit, voiding dynsfunction
Ultrasound scan
Renography if very concerned
Micturating cystourethrogram - reflux - everyone hates it

22
Q

How is relux managed?

A

Conservative
Antibiotic prophylaxis - trimethoprim
STING
Ureteric reimplantation

23
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Urethral meatus on ventral aspect of penis

24
Q

What is cordee?

A

Bent erection

Paediatrics (25 decks)

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