Urology Flashcards
What is UDT?
Underdeveloped testes
What are systemic features of urological problems?
Vomiting Failure to thrive Anaemia Hypertension Renal failure
What are localised features of urological problems?
Pain Changes in urine Abnormal voiding Mass Visible abnormalities Incidental
Where can a lot of urological problems be picked up?
Antenatally
Where is swelling in a hernia?
Groin
How is hernia managed?
Urgent referral if <1year and repair
What is done with incarcerated hernia?
Reduce and repair
What causes inguinal hernia?
Loop of bowel
What is hydrocele?
Scrotal swelling
What are features of hydrocele?
Common in newborns Increases with crying, straining Painless Bluish colour Transilluminated
How is hydrocele managed?
Wait and see
What is cryptorchidism?
Testis that cannot be manipulated to the bottom half of scrotum
What are different types of cryptorchidism?
True cryptorchidism - not fully descended
Retractile
Ectopic - in the wrong place
Ascending testis
What are indications for orchidopexy?
Fertility Malignancy Trauma Torsion Cosmetic
What are indications for circumcision?
Balanitis xerotica obliterans - absolute
Balanoprosthitis
Religious
UTI
What is the acute scrotum?
General term for testicular pain
What are important diagnoses for acute scrotum?
Torsion testis
Torsion appendix testis
Epidiymitis
How long do we have to treat acute scrotum?
6-8 hours from onset
What is the most important reason to prevent UTI?
Prevent renal scarring
How is UTI defined?
Urinal bacteria of >10^5 with pyuria
How is UTI assessed?
History and examination - family history, bowel habit, voiding dynsfunction
Ultrasound scan
Renography if very concerned
Micturating cystourethrogram - reflux - everyone hates it
How is relux managed?
Conservative
Antibiotic prophylaxis - trimethoprim
STING
Ureteric reimplantation
What is hypospadias?
Urethral meatus on ventral aspect of penis
What is cordee?
Bent erection
