Dermatology Flashcards
What is another name for eczema?
Dermatitis
What is eczema?
Itchy dry inflammatory skin disease
What are different types of eczema?
Atopic Seborrhoeic Discoid Pomphylx Varicose Contact allergic dermatitis Contact irritant dermatitis Photoaggravated
Where is affected by seborrhoeic eczema?
Face/scalp
What is pomphylx dermatitis?
Vesicles affecting palms/sores
What is varicose eczema?
Eczema caused by oedema/venous insufficiency
What is atopic eczema?
Most common - allergic response
What 3 conditions are part of atopic march?
Eczema
Asthma
Hayfever
What is atopic march?
Progression of atopic conditions through early years of life
How is atopic eczema distributed in infancy?
Starts on face/neck (cheeks common), can spread more generally
How does atopic eczema present in older children?
Flexural pattern - antecubital fossa, popliteal fossa, etc
What are complications of atopic eczema?
Loss of skin barrier function:
Loss of water
Irritants may penetrate - soap, detergent, solvents, dirt
Allergens may penetrate
What are flares of childhood eczema associated with?
Infection/viral illness Environment - central heating, cold air Pets if allergic Teething Stress Sometimes no cause for flare found
How is seborrhoeic dermatitis managed?
Emollients
Antifungal creams
Antifungal shampoos
Mild topical steroids
What is used to test for allergies and eczema?
Blood test for specific IgE antibodies
Skin prick testing
Beware of false positive tests
What are common sources of allergy?
Milk
Soy
Peanuts
Eggs
How is eczema treated?
Emollients Topical steroids UVB light Immunosuppressive medication Calcineurin inhibitors
How are steroids used for eczema?
Once daily for 1-2 weeks
If improvement then use alternate days for a few more days
If still persists use twice weekly in areas
If flare up starts go back to daily application
How much steroid should be given?
1 fingertip unit
What is impetigo?
Acute superficial bacterial skin infection
Pustules and honey-coloured crusted erosions
What typically causes impetigo?
Staph aureus
How is impetigo treated?
Topical antibacterial - fucidin
Oral antibiotic - flucloxacillin
What is molloscum contagiosum?
Benign self limiting infection
2 week to 6 month incubation
Pearly papules, umbilicated centre
Transmission to close direct contacts
What organism causes molloscum contagiosum?
Molluscipox virus
How can molloscum contagiosum be treated?
Conservative management
5% potassium hydroxide
What causes viral warts?
HPV
What is a wart in the sole of the foot called?
Verruca
How are viral warts treated?
Topical salicylic acid
What conditions cause viral exanthems?
Chicken pox Measles Rubella Herpes virus 6 Erythema infectiosum
What is orofacial granulomatosus?
Lip swelling and fissuring
Oral mucosal lesions - ulcers and tags, cobblestone appearance
What conditions are associated with orofacial granulomatosus?
Crohn’s disease
Sarcoidosis
What is erythema nodosum?
Painful erythematous subcutaneous nodules - usually over shins
What are causes of erythema nodosum?
Infections - streptococcus IBD Sarcoidosis Drugs - OCP, sulphonamides Mycobacterial infections Idiopathic
What disease is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with?
Coeliac disease
What lesions are in dermatitis herpetiformis?
Itchy blisters in clusters - symmetrical
Where are common areas affected by dermatitis herpetiformis?
Scalp Shoulders Buttocks Elbows Knees
How is dermatitis herpetiformis treated?
Emollients
Gluten free diet
Topical steroids
Dapsone
What is another name for urticaria?
Hives
What can cause urticaria?
Viral infection Bacterial infection Food or drug allergy NSAIDs/opiates Vaccinations
How is urticaria treated?
Avoid triggers
Antihistamines - ranitidine
