Growth and endocrine Flashcards
What factors influence height?
Age Sex Race Nutrition Parental heights Puberty General health Chronic disease
What are the 3 phases of growth?
Infantile
Childhood
Pubertal
What are different measurements of growth?
Length - used in <2y
Height - used in 2+y
Sitting height
Head circumference - common in <2y
What is the main growth chart used in children from 2-18?
Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health UK 2-18 growth chart
What should be asked about in the history if growth is an issue?
Birth weight and gestation Past medical history Family/social/schooling history Systematic enquiry Dysmorphic features
What are indications for referral in abnormal growth?
Extreme short or tall stature Height below target height Abnormal height velocity History of chronic disease Obvious dysmorphic syndrome Early/late puberty
What are common causes of short stature?
Familial
Constitutional
Small gestational age/intrauterine growth restriction
What are pathological causes of short stature?
Undernutrition Chronic illness Iatrogenic - steroids Psychological and social Hormonal Syndromes
What investigations can be done into growth?
FBC U&E LFT CRP Coeliac TFT
What is used to stage puberty?
Tanner staging
What is used to assess testicular maturation?
Prader Orchidometer
When is puberty considered to be early or delayed?
Boys - Early is <9y, delayed is >14y
Girls - Early is <8y, delayed is >13y
What is the most common cause of aquired hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto’s
What features are suspicious of hypothyroidism?
Lack of height gain
Pubertal delay
Poor school performance
