Urology

Question 1

How should hernias in under 1’s be managed?

Answer 1

Repair urgently

Question 2

How should hernias in over 1’s be managed?

Answer 2

Elective referral and repair

Question 3

How should incarcerated hernias be managed?

Answer 3

Reduce and repair

Question 4

What is a hydrocele?

Answer 4

• Scrotal swelling which is painless and has a bluish colour

Question 5

What is cryptorchidism?

Answer 5

Any testis which cannot be moved into the bottom half of the scrotum

Question 6

At what temperature are the testis when still in the abdomen?

Answer 6

Body temperature

Question 7

At what temperature are the testes when in the scrotum?

Answer 7

Around 33-34 degrees

Question 8

In what category of babies is cryptorchidism most likely?

Answer 8

Premature babies with low birth weight

Question 9

If a child presents with an acute scrotum, what are the differentials?

Answer 9

Testicular torsion

Torsion appednix testis

Epididymitis

Question 10

In which age group is testicular torsion most common?

Answer 10

> 10 years

Question 11

Why is it important to investigate the damage caused by UTI’s in children?

Answer 11

Prevent renal scarring and hypertension

Question 12

What are the features of UTI in children?

Answer 12

• Bacteria > 10^5
• Pyuria
• Fever and vomiting

Question 13

How are UTI’s in children investigated?

Answer 13

1 - History and examination

2 - USS

3 - DMSA & MAG3

4 - Micturating cystourethrogram

Question 14

Where is hypospadias most likely to occur?

Answer 14

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