A child's growth, development and health

Question 1

What are the key developmental fields for children?

Answer 1

1 - Gross Motor

2 - Fine Motor

3 - Speech and language

4 - Hearing and vision

5 - Social and self help

Question 2

What are the key milestones in development of children?

Answer 2

1 - Social smile

2 - Sitting

3 - Walking

4 - First words

Question 3

What is the acceptable range in which children can reach the key milestones?

Answer 3

2 standard deviations from mean

Question 4

What is the median age for children to start walking?

Answer 4

12 months

Question 5

What are the factors that can infleunce the development of a child?

Answer 5

1) Genetics
2) Environment
3) +ve childhood experience
4) Insults to child brain

Question 6

What are examples of adverse events that can occur in the antenatal period of a childs life?

Answer 6

Infections

Toxins

Question 7

What infections can affect the unborn child in the antenatal period?

Answer 7

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Rubella

Toxoplasmosis

Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox)

Question 8

What toxins can affect an unborn childs development in the antenatal period?

Answer 8

Alcohol

Smoking

Anti-epileptics

Question 9

What are the common categories of environmental factors that can adversely affect child development in the postnatal period?

Answer 9

1 - Infections

2 - Toxins

3 - Trauma

4 - Malnutrition

Question 10

What are the common infections occuring in children in the postnatal period?

Answer 10

Meningitis

Encephalitis

Question 11

What are the common vitamin/mineral deficiencies observed in children in the postnatal period?

Answer 11

Iron

Folate

Vitamin D

Question 12

What are some red flags to watch out for with regards childhood development?

Answer 12

1 - Loss of developmental skills

2 - Hearing loss

3 - Persistent low muscle tone/floppiness

4 - No speech by 18 months

5 - Not walking by 18 months

Question 13

What are the main components of the child health screening programme in the UK ‘Healthy Child Programme’?

Answer 13

1 - Health promotion

2 - Developmental screening

3 - Immunisations

Question 14

What disorders are tested for in the blood spot screening of the new-born?

Answer 14

1 - Pheylketonuria

2 - Congenital hypothyroidism

3 - Cystic Fibrosis

4 - Sickle-cell disorder

Question 15

At what times are childhood development assessed by health visitor/GP?

Answer 15

Birth-1 week

2 weeks

6-8 weeks

1 year

2-2.5 years

5 years

Question 16

What is involved in the birth-1 week review?

Answer 16

1 - Feeding review

2 - Hearing

3 - Examination

4 - Vitamin K (to help with blood clotting)

5 - Blood spot test to screen for common childhood diseases

Question 17

What is involved in the 6-8 week review of childhood development?

Answer 17

1 - Immunisations

2 - Measurements (weight, length, occipito-frontal circumference)

3 - Maternal mental health

Question 18

What is involved in the 1 year review of childhood development?

Answer 18

1 - Growth

2 - Health promotion

Question 19

What is involved in the 2-2.5 year review of childhood development?

Answer 19

1 - Development

2 - Language

3 - Parental concerns

Question 20

What is involved in the 5 year review of childhood development?

Answer 20

1 - Immunisations

2 - Dental check

3 - Hearing

4 - Vision

Question 21

What is the avergae weight of a child in kg’s at birth?

Answer 21

3.3

Question 22

What is the avergae length of a child in cm’s at birth?

Answer 22

50

Question 23

What is the avergae OFC of a child in cm’s at birth?

Answer 23

35

Question 24

What is meant by ‘a child is in the 0.4th centile for a certain population’?

Answer 24

Taking the avergae 1000 healthy children, 4 are below this point and 996 would be above that same point

Question 25

What is meant by the term 'failure to thrive'?

Answer 25

Child growing too slowly in form and usually in function at the expected rate for their age

Question 26

How can failure to thrive be described in terms of supply and demand for nutrients?

Answer 26

FTT = Supply of energy/nutrients \< demand for energy/nutrients

Question 27

What can be the causes of FTT in early life?

Answer 27

1 - **Maternal** (poor lactation, incorrect preparation of milk or wrong milk used) 2 - **Infant** (prematurity, small for dates, cleft palate, cerebral palsy)

Question 28

What are the general causes of FTT in early life?

Answer 28

1) Increased metabolic demands (heart disease, liver disease, renal disease, infection) 2) Excessive nutrient loss (reflux, gastroenteritis, malabsorption)

Question 29

What are some of the non-organic causes of FTT?

Answer 29

1 - Poverty/socio-economic status 2 - Maternal depression 3 - Lack of parental support 4 - Child neglect