Acute Paediatrics

Question 1

What are the differences in mechanics of breathing between children and adults?

Answer 1

1 - Lower airways are smaller

2 - Smaller total surface area

3 - Diaphragmatic breathing

4 - Fewer type 1 fibres meaning they easily fatigue

5 - Soft bones meaning wall recession and drawing-in

6 - Horizontal ribs so less expansion

Question 2

What are the physiological differences in the respiratory system between children and adults?

Answer 2

1) Respiratory rate higher (higher oxygen consumption)
2) Oxygen dissociation curve shifted to the left in neonates (60-70% sats ok)

Question 3

What are the physiological differences in the cardiovascular system between children and adults?

Answer 3

1) Small circulating blood volume (70-80 ml/kg)
2) Change in circulation from in-utero to ex-utero
3) Higher heart rate
4) Low BP which steadily rises