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Paediatrics > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What treatment do URTI’s in children need?

A

Usually nothing

URTI’s are self-limiting

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2
Q

How is croup treated?

A

Oral dexamethasone

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3
Q

How is epiglottitis treated?

A

Intubation and antibiotics

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4
Q

What are the common bacterias involved in LRTI’s in children?

A

Strep pneumoniae

Haemophilius Influenzae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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5
Q

What are the common viral infections in LRTI’s in children?

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

Parainfluenza III

Influenza A & B

Adenovirus

Rhinovirus

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of bronchitis?

A

Loose rattly cough

Post-tussive vomit - ‘glut’

No wheeze or creps heard in chest

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7
Q

What is the most likely organism causing bronchitis?

A

Haemophilus

Pneumococcus

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8
Q

What are the red flags to look for in bronchitis?

A

1 - < 6 months or > 4 years old

2 - Static weight

3 - SOB

4 - Other co-morbidities

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9
Q

What is the treatment of bronchitis?

A

None

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10
Q

What is the most likely organism to be found in bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

Paraflu III

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A

1 - Nasal stuffiness

2 - Tachypnoea

3 - Poor feeding

4 - Crackles (possible wheeze)

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12
Q

After how many days of a cough should parents seek medical attention?

A

5 days

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13
Q

When is RSV most likely to occur?

A

Christmas

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14
Q

In what age group does bronchiolitis occur?

A

< 12 months old

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15
Q

Does bronchiolitis occur multiple times in the same patient?

A

No

It’s one off

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16
Q

How is bronchiolitis managed?

A

Observation

No treatments

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17
Q

What are the signs of a LRTI in children?

A

Lasts 48hrs

Fever

SOB

COUGH

Grunting

18
Q

What type of breath sounds are heard in LRTI’s?

A

Bronchial or reduced breath sounds

19
Q

What causes LRTI’s?

A

Virus + bacteria

20
Q

What are the treatments of the LRTI/pneumonia if the symptoms are severe?

A

1st - Amoxycilin

2nd - Macrolide

21
Q

What are the symptoms of pertussis?

A

1 - Coughing fits

2 - Vomiting and colour change

22
Q

How should a child with an LRTI initially be treated?

A

1 - Oxygenation

2 - Hydration

3 - Nutrition

23
Q

What are the classical signs of asthma?

A

Wheeze

SOB

Cough

24
Q

What can trigger asthma?

A

URTI

Exercise

Allergen

Cold weather

25
Q

What signs would indicate asthma over other respiratory disorders?

A

Wheeze

variability

responds to treatment

26
Q

What are the multiple hits that are thought to cause asthma?

A

Genes

Abnormal lungs

Early onset atopy

Environmental exposures (exercise, smoking)

27
Q

How is childhood asthma diagnosed?

A

History of:

Wheeze

SOB at rest

Cough

28
Q

What are the features of the cough associated with asthma?

A

Dry

Nocturnal

Exertional

29
Q

What are likely features of a history in a patient with atopy?

A

Eczema

Hayfever

Food allergies

30
Q

What is the most effective way to diagnose a suspected childhood asthma?

A

Inhaled cortico steroid for 2 months then review

31
Q

If when the child starts their asthma treatment they also go away on holiday and the asthma symptoms stop, does this mean that the asthma treatment has worked?

A

No - often going away from their normal environment can improve asthma symptoms

32
Q

What questions can be asked to assess how well a childs asthma is being controlled?

A

SANE

1 - SABA/week

2 - Absences from school/nursery

3 - Nocturnal symptoms/week

4 - Exertional symptoms/weel

33
Q

If a child who is older than 5 does not respond to Low dose ICS treatment, what is the next treatment option?

A

Add inhaled LABA

34
Q

If a child who is younger than 5 does not respond to Low dose ICS treatment, what is the next treatment option?

A

LTRA

35
Q

If LTRA’s and LABA’s do not work on top of very low ICS doses, what can be tried next?

A

Increase the ICS dose

36
Q

After starting a child on a very low dose ICS (step 1), what criteria are used to indicate the treatment is not working?

A
  • Symptomatic 3 times a week or more
  • Waking 1 night a week
37
Q

Can LABA’s be used on their own without ICS’s?

A

No

38
Q

Apart from medication what other treatment options can be used for asthma in children?

A

Remove smoke exposure

Remove environmental triggers (e.g. cat, dog)

39
Q

In what instances are inhaled steroids or oral steroids used?

A

Inhaled steroids - chronic asthma/maintenance

Oral steroids - acute treatment of asthma

40
Q

What is the most effective way to deliver ICS in a child < 8 years old?

A

Metered dose inhaler plus spacer

Paediatrics (25 decks)

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