Urology Flashcards
Can be ligated from the IVC secondary to increased collaterals
Left renal vein
Most common cause of acute renal insufficiency following surgery
Hypotension
Dx modality that demonstrate stones and associated hydronephrosis
Abdominal CT
Most common renal stones in order
1) Calcium oxalate
2) Mg ammonium phosphate
3) Uric acid
4) Cysteine
Renal stone that is lucent to opaque
Cysteine
Calcium oxalate stones increase in patients with
Terminal ileal resection
Renal stone that can increase in: Ileostomies
Uric acid
Renal stone that can increase in: Gout
Uric acid
Renal stone that can increase in: Myeloproliferative disorders
Uric acid
Indications for kidney stone surgery (4)
1) Intractable pain or infection
2) Progressive obstruction
3) Progressive renal damage
4) Solitary kidney
T/F Most kidneys are opaque
T
Size of stone that is not likely to be passed in urine
> 6mm
1 primary tumor of kidney
RCC
RCC: Risk factor
Smoking
RCC: Fraction of patients with metastasis at diagnosis
1/3
RCC: T/F Wedge resection can be performed on isolated lung and colon masses
T
T/F Gerota’s fascia covers the adrenal glands
T
Taken away in radical nephrectomy
1) All contents within the Gerota’s fascia
2) Regional LN
RCC: T/F Tumor thrombus can be pulled out of the IVC
T
Management for RCC
Radical nephrectomy
Most common metastatic tumor to the kidney
Breast
Management for transitional cell CA of renal pelvis
Radical nephroureterectomy
Usual bladder CA
Transitional cell CA
Urinary bladder CA: Most common symptom
Painless hematuria
Urinary bladder CA: Most common in
Males
Urinary bladder CA: Risk factors
1) Smoking
2) Aniline dyes
3) Cyclophosphamide
4) Chronic cystitis
Urinary bladder CA: Most effective immunotherapy for treating early-stage bladder CA
Intravesical BCG
Important in surgery of ureters in ureteral trauma
Avoid stripping soft tissue so as not to compromise blood supply
Paraneoplastic syndrome in RCC is associated with what hormones (4)
1) EPO
2) PTHrp
3) ACTH
4) Insulin
SCC of bladder is associated with infection with what organism
Schistosoma haematobium
