Fiser ABSITE Ch. 26 Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Right to left cardiac shunts cause _______.

A

Cyanosis

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2
Q

A shift from left-to-right shunt to a right-to-left shunt is a sign of increasing pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary hypertension, and is known as __________.

A

Eisenmenger’s syndrome

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3
Q

This condition, if left untreated, can cause polycythemia, strokes, brain abscess, endocarditis, and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

A

Cyanosis

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4
Q

The first sign of CHF in children is ________.

A

Hepatomegaly

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5
Q

Left to right cardiac shunts cause _____, clinically manifested as failure to thrive, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hepatomegaly.

A

CHF

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6
Q

_____________ is a connection between the descending aorta and the left pulmonary artery.

A

Ductus arteriosus

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7
Q

________________ is a connection between the portal vein and IVC.

A

Ductus venosum

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8
Q

Ductus venosum causes blood to be shunted away from the _____

A

Liver

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9
Q

Ductus arteriosus causes blood to be shunted away from the ________ in utero.

A

Lungs

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10
Q

The most common congenital heart defect _______

A

VSD

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11
Q

VSDs usually close spontaneously by age ____________

A

Six months

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12
Q

Medical treatment for symptomatic VSD is ______ and _____.

A

Diuretics, digoxin

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13
Q

Indications for repair of VSD

A

CHF resulting in failure to thrive; peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) > 4-6 Woods units

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14
Q

Contraindication to repair of VSD

A

PVR > 10-12 Woods units

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15
Q

Most common type of ASD

A

Ostium secundum

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16
Q

Eighty percent of ostium secundum is caused by ___________

A

Patent foramen ovale

17
Q

Medical treatment for symptomatic ostium primum defects are ______ and _____.

A

Diuretics, digoxin

18
Q

Anomalies that assist in oxygenation with ASD

A

Anomalous pulmonary venous return to right atrium or IVC, or IVC connecting to left atrium

19
Q

This congenital cardiac anomaly is more inferior to the others

A

Ostium primum

20
Q

Ostium primum is caused by deficiency in left horn of the ___

A

Sinus venosus

21
Q

Ostium secundum becomes symptomatic when ___, resulting in CHF

A

Pulmonary to systemic flow (Qp/Qs) > 2

22
Q

Adults with ostium primum defects can get ___ and ___

A

paradoxical emboli, arrhythmias

23
Q

Symtpoms of osmium primum

A

fatigue, dyspnea, recurrent infections

24
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot includes which congenital defects?

A

Overriding aorta, VSD, pulmonary stenosis, and RV hypertrophy

25
Q

Most common congenital defect resulting in cyanosis _________

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

26
Q

Morphologic abnormality causing Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Anterior and superior displacement of infundibular septum

27
Q

Medical treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot is _____________

A

Beta blockade

28
Q

This type of shunt can be used for palliation to delay repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Blalock Taussig

29
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot should be repaired when this sign occurs ____

A

Increased cyanosis

30
Q

Definitive repair of Tetralogy of Fallot includes these three steps

A

Division of RV outflow tract obstruction, patch enlargement of outflow tract, VSD repair

31
Q

The most common cyanotic disorder presenting during the first year of life is _________

A

Transposition of the great vessels

32
Q

In Transposition of the great vessels, mixing most often occurs through ___________

A

ASD

33
Q

Medical treatment of Transposition of the great vessels includes ____

A

Atrial septostomy and PGE1

34
Q

In patients with Transposition of the great vessels and large VSDs, significant CHF and pulmonary HTN may occur by this age ______

A

three months

35
Q

Optimal timing of repair in Transposition of the great vessels

A

Early, switch with posterior implantation of coronary arteries

36
Q

Patients with Transposition of the great vessels and _________ are NOT candidates for early switch

A

LVOT obstruction

37
Q

Patients with Transposition of the great vessels and LVOT obstruction should be treated with _________

A

Blalock Taussig shunt