Fiser ABSITE Ch. 11 Oncology Flashcards
Most common CA in women
breast CA
Most common cause of CA related death in women
lung CA
Most common CA in men
Lung CA
Most common cause for CA related death in men
lung CA
Used to identify metastases, detects fluorodeoxyglucose molecules
PET scan
___ need MHC complex to attack tumor, while ___ cells can independently attack tumor cells
T cells, Natural killer cells
What is the tumor marker for colon CA and what is the half-life?
CEA, 18 days
What is the tumor marker for liver CA and what is the half life?
AFP, 5 days
What is the tumor marker for pancreatic CA?
CA 19-9
What is the tumor marker for ovarian CA?
CA 125
What is the tumor marker for testicular CA, choriocarcinoma?
Beta HCG
What is the tumor marker for prostate CA and what is the half-life?
PSA (thought to be the tumor marker with the highest sensitivity), 18 days
What is the tumor marker for small cell lung CA and neuroblastoma?
NSE (neuron specific enolase)
Time between exposure and formation of clinically detectable tumor
Latency period
What two cancers are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus?
Burkitt’s Lymphoma and nasopharyngeal CA
What infectious agent is associated with gastric CA?
Helicobacter pylori
What infectious agent is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma?
Hep B and C
What infectious agent is associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?
HHV-8
What infectious agent is associated with splenic lymphoma?
Hep C
What infectious agent is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Human T-cell leukemia virus-1
What is the most vulerable stage of the cell cycle for XRT?
M phase
How is most damage done to DNA with XRT?
formation of oxygen radicals
In XRT, higher-energy radiation has a ___ effect (maximal ionizing potential not reached until deeper structures)
skin-preserving
Fractionate doses in XRT allow for:
___ of normal cells
___ of tumor
___ of tumor cells in cell cycle
repair
reoxygenation
redistribution
Name 2 very radiosensitive tumors
seminomas, lymphomas
Name 2 very radioresistant tumors
epithelial, sarcomas
Why are large tumors less responsive to XRT?
lack of oxygen in tumor
Lymphocytes as well as what 3 organs have increased sensitivity to XRT?
kidneys, liver, lungs
What is the difference in cell killing ability in cell cycle-specific agents (5FU, MTX) and cell cycle-nonspecific agents?
cell cycle-specific agents exhibit plateau in cell-killing ability while cell cycle-nonspecific agents have a linear response to cell killing
What chemotherapy agent decreases short-term (5 year) of breast CA but carries a 1% risk of blood clots and a 0.1% endometrial CA.
Tamoxifen (blocks estrogen receptor)
What chemotherapy agent promotes microtubule formation and stabilization that cannot be broken down; cells are ruptured
Taxol (Paclitaxel)
What 2 chemotherapy agents can cause pulmonary fibrosis?
Bleomycin and busulfan
Name 3 side effects of cisplatin (platinum alkylating agent).
nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, ototoxic
Name the primary side effect of carboplatin (platinum alkylating agent).
myelo suppression (carBoplatin = bone)