Fiser ABSITE Ch. 19 Head and Neck Flashcards
The anterior neck triangle contains the carotid sheath. What are the borders?
SCM muscle, sternal notch and inferior border of the digastric muscle
The posterior neck triangle contains the spinal accessory nerve and the brachial plexus. What are the borders?
posterior border of SCM muscle, trapezius muscle and the clavicle
In the neck, on what muscle does the phrenic nerve sit?
anterior scalene muscle
Three glands in the mouth can be identified by their secretions:
____ glands - secrete mostly serous fluid.
___ glands - secrete mostly mucin.
___ glands - 50/50
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
In the larynx, where are the false vocal cords located in relation to the true vocal cords?
superior
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?
ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
What nerve provides motor function to face? and sensory?
facial, trigeminal
What nerve provides sensory to posterior tongue. Motor to stylpharngeus. Injury affects swallowing?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve provides motor to all of tongue except what muscle?
palatoglossus
Recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all of larynx except which muscle? What is it innervated by?
cricothyroid is innerved by superior thyroid nerve
What syndrome occurs after parotidectomy; injury of auriculotemporal nerve that then cross-innervates with sympathetic fibers to sweat glands of skin • Symptom: gustatory sweating?
Frey’s syndrome
What are the 5 branches of the thyrocervical trunk with mnemonic?
STAT, suprascapular artery, transverse cervical artery, ascending cervical artery, inferior thyroid artery
What is the 1st branch of the external carotid artery?
superior thyroid artery
What artery is the trapezius flap based on?
transerve cerivcal artery
What aretery is pectoralis major based on?
thoracoacromial artery
___ - congenital bony mass on upper palate of mouth. Tx: nothing ;
___ - similar to above but on the anterior lingual surface of the mandible
Torus palatini; Torus mandibular
What procedure takes accessory nerve (CN XII), sternocleidomastoid, internal jugular, omohyoid, submandibular gland, sensory nerves C2-C5, cervical branch of facial nerve, and ipsilateral thyroid • Most morbidity occurs from accessory nerve resection.
Radical neck dissection
What procedure takes omohyoid, submandibular gland, sensory nerves C2-C5, cervical branch of facial nerve, ipsilateral thyroid?
Modified radical neck dissection
What is the most common cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx?
squamous cell CA
What are the two biggest risk factors for squamous cell CA of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx?
tobacco and ETOH
What is considered more pregmalignant, leukoplakia or erythroplakia?
erythroplakia
What is the most common site for oral cavity CA?
lower lip
What location for oral cavity cancer has the lowest survival rate because it is hard to resect?
hard palate tumors
Glossitis, cervical dysphagia from esophageal web, spoon fingers, iron deficiency anemia and increased oral cavity CA
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome;
In the tx for oral cavity CA. Wide resection if tumor is less than ___, need 1-2 cm margins.;
If larger or if clinically positive nodes do what?
2 cm; MRND
What is the postop tx for oral cavity CA for advanced lesions (>2 cm, positive margins, nerve/vascular/lymphatic invasion)?
XRT
What location with lip CA is associated with more aggressive lesions?
commissure
Well-differentiated tumor of the cheek • Not aggressive • Tx: full cheek resection +/− flap; no MRND
Verrucous ulcer
What is the tx for cancer of the maxillary sinus?
maxillectomy
What is the primary tx for nasopharyngeal SCCA? and what for tumors > 2 cm or clinically positive nodes?
XRT, MRND with postop chemo for advanced disease
What is the #1 tumor of the nasopharynx in children and what is the tx?
lymphoma, chemo
What is the most common benign neoplasm of the nose/paranasal sinuses?
papilloma
What is the best way to bx tonsillary CA?
tonsillectomy
Benign tumor • Presents in males
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
What is the most common benign lesion of the larynx?
papilloma
What are the three locations for laryngeal cancer?
Supraglottic SCCA
Glottic SCCA
Subglottic SCCA
What is the tx for small laryngeal cancer?
XRT or conservative surgery (glottic is laser or chordectomy with recurrence)
What are the three treatments for large laryngeal cancer?
laryngectomy, MRND, post op XRT
With glottic laryngeal cancer, what treatment is required for fixed cords?
laryngectomy
What is the most frequent salivary gland for malignant tumor?
parotid
Is a mass in a large salivary gland more likely benign or malignant? and a small salivary gland?
mass in large gland is more likely benign
What is the #1 type of malignant tumor of the salivary gland?
Mucoepidermoid CA
What is the #2 type of malignant tumor of the salivary glands and the #1 malignant salivary tumor of the minor salivary glands?
Adenoid cystic CA
Tx for malignant tumor of the salivary gland is resection of the gland and if high grade or SCCA what are 2 other additional treatments?
prophylactic MRND and postop XRT