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ER EOR > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

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1
Q

mnemonic anion gap met acidosis

A

MUDPILERS

methanol
uremia
DKA/alcoholic KA
Propylene glycol
Isoniazid,infection
lactic acidosis
ethylene glycol
rhabdo/renal failure
salicylates

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2
Q

mnemonic non-gap metabolic acidosis

A

HARDUPS
hyperalimentation
acetazolamide
renal tubular acidosis
diarrhea
uretero-pelvic shunt
post-hypocapnia
spironolactone

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3
Q

mnemonic acute respiratory acidosis

A

CHAMPP
CNS depression (drugs, CVA)
hemo/pneumothorax
airway obstruction
myopathy
pneumonia
pulmonary edema

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4
Q

mnemonic metabolic alkalosis

A

CLEVER PD
contraction
licorice
endo (cushings, conns)
vomiting
excess alkali
refeeding alkalosis
post-hypercapnia
diuretics

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5
Q

mnemonic respiratory alkalosis

A

CHAMPS
CNS disease
hypoxia
anxiety
mech ventilators
progesterone
salicylates/sepsis

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6
Q

normal value pH

A

7.35-7.45

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7
Q

normal value PCO2

A

35-45

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8
Q

normal value HCO3-

A

22-26

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9
Q

findings for acute tubular necrosis

A

muddy brown casts

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10
Q

findings for acute interstitial nephritis

A

WBC and white cell casts

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11
Q

tx for cystitis

A

nitrofurantoin
TMP-SMX
fosfomycin

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12
Q

MCC orchitis

A

mumps (viral)

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13
Q

tx for epididymitis and prostatitis

A

< 35 - doxy + cef
(can use azithromycin instead of doxy)

> 35 - fluoroquinolone

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14
Q

What is priapism

A

prolonged erection lasting longer than 4 hours without sexual stimulation

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15
Q

what can be used to distinguish between ischemic and non-ischemic priapism

A

penile blood gas

Ischemic priapism will have a blood gas with pH < 7.25, pCO2 > 60 mm Hg, and pO2 < 40 mm Hg

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16
Q

tx ischemic priapism

A

corporal aspiration with intracavernosal phenylephrine

if does not work –> surgical shunting performed by urologist

17
Q

tx for nonischemic priapism

A

observation

assuming pH > 7.3 (normal)

18
Q

tx nephrolithasis

A

< 5 mm - fluids and analgesics (NSAIDS)

> /=5 mm - tamsulosin; lithotripsy

> /=10 mm - nephrolithotomy

19
Q

MC type of kidney stone

A

calcium oxalate

20
Q

most common cause of acute urinary retention in men

A

BPH

21
Q

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is caused by

A

immune complex deposition in the kidney

22
Q

what infection can cause post strep GMN

A

beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes, typically involving the pharynx or skin

23
Q

two most common serologic markers used to diagnose post strep GMN

A

antistreptolysin O or anti-DNAse B titers

24
Q

UA for post strep GMN

A

red blood cell casts and proteinuria

25
Q

labs post strep GMN

A

decreased C3 levels

26
Q

tx post strep GMN

A

supportive

27
Q

BUN and creatinine ratios of <10:1 are suggestive of an

A

intrinsic renal problem (tubular, interstitial, or glomerular injuries)

28
Q

BUN and creatinine ratios of 10-20:1 are suggestive of

A

post-renal pathology due to obstruction of flow (neurogenic bladder, mass, stricture, prostate enlargement)

29
Q

BUN/Creatinine ratio of > 20:1 is suggestive of

A

Prerenal causes of renal failure (cardiogenic shock, hemorrhage, sepsis) –> decreased renal perfusion

30
Q

dx kidney stone

A

UA - may show pH < 5; blood
Noncontrast CT of abdomen and pelvis

KUB XR can show calcium and struvite stones

31
Q

How much water should a patient with a detected kidney stone drink within the first 24 hours?

A

2L

32
Q

Balanitis has a wide range of causes but is most related to

A

inadequate hygiene in uncircumcised men

33
Q

MC infectious cause of balanitis

A

candidiasis

34
Q

tx balanitis due to candidiasis

A

topical clotrimazole

35
Q

Sx in UTI vs pyelonephritis

A

UTIs - limited to the genitourinary system and include dysuria, urgency, frequency, hematuria, and suprapubic abdominal pain

pyelonephritis - constitutional symptoms such as fever, vomiting, and malaise and may also have back and flank pain

36
Q

tx pyelonephritis

A

Fluoroquinolones
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins

37
Q
A

ER EOR (28 decks)

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